ArticleRenal failure2024
Nonlinear association between proteinuria levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality among chronic kidney disease patients.
Article in Renal failure, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Verification of the Impact of Changes in the Severity Classification of Proteinuria on the Prognosis of Hypertensive Patients Following the Initiation of Esaxerenone.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- Absence of progression risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with urine protein-creatinine ratio below 500 mg/g: a cohort study with competing risk analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Examining Referral Pathways for Patients with Hematuria: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis.Glomerular diseasesArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between proteinuria levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains controversial.
methodsIn this investigation, we conducted a retrospective analysis involving 1138 patients who were registered in the CKD-Research of Outcomes in Treatment and Epidemiology (ROUTE) study. The primary outcome of this study was the composite of cardiovascular events or all-cause death. Cox proportional hazards regression, smooth curve fitting, piecewise linear regression, and subgroup analyses were used.
resultsThe mean age of the included individuals was 67.3 ± 13.6 years old. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for UPCR in middle and high groups, compared to the low group, were 1.93 (95% CI: 1.28-2.91) and 4.12 (95% CI: 2.87-5.92), respectively, after multivariable adjustment. Further adjustments maintained significant associations; HRs for middle and high groups were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.12-2.61) and 3.07 (95% CI: 2.08-4.54). A nonlinear UPCR-primary outcome relationship was observed, with an inflection point at 3.93 g/gCr.
conclusionAmong non-dialyzed patients with stage G2-G5 CKD, a nonlinear association between UPCR and the primary outcome was observed. A higher UPCR (when UPCR < 3.93 g/gCr) was an independent predictor of the primary outcome. Importantly, our study predates SGLT2 inhibitor use, showcasing outcomes achievable without these medications. Future research considerations will involve factors like SGLT-2 inhibitor utilization.
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