Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38343888›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2024

Incongruence between confirmed and suspected clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis virus infection.

Wei Li, Yuliang Feng, Hongrong Zhong, Mingfeng Jiang, Jiake Zhang, Shihua Lin, Na Chen, Shusen He, Kai Zhang, Shihong Fu and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Wei Li *Institute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Yuliang Feng *Institute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Hongrong ZhongInstitute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Mingfeng JiangInstitute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Jiake ZhangInstitute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Shihua LinInstitute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Na ChenInstitute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Shusen HeInstitute of Microbiological Detection and Analyses, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Kai ZhangInstitute of Immunization Programme, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Shihong FuDepartment of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Huanyu WangDepartment of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Guodong LiangDepartment of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a notifiable infectious disease in China. Information on every case of JE is reported to the superior health administration department. However, reported cases include both laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases. This study aimed to differentiate between clinical and laboratory-confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, and improve the accuracy of reported JE cases by analyzing the acute-phase serum and cerebrospinal fluid of all reported JE cases in the Sichuan province from 2012 to 2022. Methods: All acute-phase serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples of the reported JE cases were screened for IgM(ImmunoglobulinM)to JEV using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the detection of the viral genes of JEV and 9 other pathogens including enterovirus (EV), using reverse transcription PCR was attempted. Epidemiological analyses of JE and non-JE cases based on sex, age, onset time, and geographical distribution were also performed. Results: From 2012 to 2022, 1558 JE cases were reported in the Sichuan province. The results of serological (JEV-specific IgM) and genetic testing for JEV showed that 81% (1262/1558) of the reported cases were confirmed as JEV infection cases (laboratory-confirmed cases). Among the 296 cases of non-JEV infection, 6 viruses were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid in 62 cases, including EV and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), constituting 21% (62/296) of all non-JE cases. Among the 62 non-JEV infection cases with confirmed pathogens, infections with EV and EBV included 17 cases each, herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/2) included 14 cases, varicella- zoster virus included 6 cases, mumps virus included 2 cases, and human herpes viruses-6 included 1 case. Additionally, there were five cases involving mixed infections (two cases of EV/EBV, one case of HSV-1/HSV-2, one case of EBV/HSV-1, and one case of EV/herpes viruses-6). The remaining 234 cases were classified as unknown viral encephalitis cases. Our analysis indicated that those aged 0-15 y were the majority of the patients among the 1558 reported JE cases. However, the incidence of laboratory-confirmed JE cases in the >40 y age group has increased in recent years. The temporal distribution of laboratory-confirmed cases of JE revealed that the majority of cases occurred from May to September each year, with the highest incidence in August. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is a certain discrepancy between clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed cases of JE. Each reported case should be based on laboratory detection results, which is of great importance in improving the accuracy of case diagnosis and reducing misreporting. Our results are not only important for addressing JE endemic to the Sichuan province, but also provide a valuable reference for the laboratory detection of various notifiable infectious diseases in China and other regions outside China.

Indexed as

Encephalitis, JapaneseEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseEnterovirusEnterovirus InfectionsEpstein-Barr Virus InfectionsHerpesvirus 1, HumanAdolescentAdultAntibodies, ViralChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHerpesvirus 2, HumanHerpesvirus 4, HumanHumansImmunoglobulin MAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin MenterovirusEpstein-Barr virusJapanese encephalitisJapanese encephalitis virusunknown viral encephalitisviral encephalitisviral encephalitis in adults

Identifiers

PMID38343888
PMCPMC10853334
OpenAlexW4391261309

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.