Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38342888›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2024

Field-based assessments of the seasonality of Culex pipiens sensu lato in England: an important enzootic vector of Usutu and West Nile viruses.

Nicola Seechurn, M Trent Herdman, Arturo Hernandez-Colina, Alexander G C Vaux, Colin Johnston, Morgan Berrell, Javier Lopez, Lindsay Eckley, Merit Gonzalez-Olvera, Lisa Gillespie and 3 more

Abstract read
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Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Monitoring vector-borne diseases: A study in Italy and Greece.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Nicola SeechurnInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. hlnseech@liverpool.ac.uk.
M Trent HerdmanMedical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
Arturo Hernandez-ColinaInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Alexander G C VauxMedical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
Colin JohnstonMedical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
Morgan BerrellMedical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
Javier LopezNorth of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Chester, CH2 1LH, UK.
Lindsay EckleyNorth of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Chester, CH2 1LH, UK.
Merit Gonzalez-OlveraInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Lisa GillespieTwycross Zoo, East Midland Zoological Society, Burton Road, Atherstone, CV9 3PX, UK.
Paul Pearce KellyZoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
Matthew BaylisInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Jolyon M MedlockMedical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUsutu virus (USUV), which is closely related to West Nile virus (WNV), sharing a similar ecology and transmission cycle, was first reported in the UK in the southeast of England in 2020. Both USUV and WNV are emerging zoonotic viruses hosted by wild birds. The 2020 finding of USUV in England raised awareness of this virus and highlighted the importance of understanding the seasonality of Culex pipiens sensu lato (Cx. pipiens s.l.), the main enzootic vector of these viruses. Zoos are prime locations for trapping mosquitoes because of their infrastructure, security, and range of vertebrate hosts and aquatic habitats.

methodsThree independent zoo-based case studies at four locations that cover the seasonality of Cx. pipiens s.l. in England were undertaken: (i) London Zoo (Zoological Society London [ZSL]) and surrounding areas, London; (ii) Chester Zoo (Cheshire); (ii) Twycross Zoo (Leicestershire); and (iv) Flamingo Land (zoo; North Yorkshire). Various adult mosquito traps were used to catch adult Cx. pipiens s.l. across seasons.

resultsHigh yields of Cx. pipiens s.l./Culex torrentium were observed in Biogents-Mosquitaire and Center for Disease Control and Prevention Gravid traps in all studies where these traps were used. Mosquito counts varied between sites and between years. Observations of adult Cx. pipiens s.l./Cx. torrentium abundance and modelling studies demonstrated peak adult abundance between late July and early August, with active adult female Cx. pipiens s.l./Cx. torrentium populations between May and September.

conclusionsThe information collated in this study illustrates the value of multiple mosquito monitoring approaches in zoos to describe the seasonality of this UK vector across multiple sites in England and provides a framework that can be used for ongoing and future surveillance programmes and disease risk management strategies.

Indexed as

CulexCulicidaeFlavivirusWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusAnimalsEnglandFemaleMosquito VectorsCulex pipiens s.l.Culex sppCulex torrentiumDisease ecologyZoo

Identifiers

PMID38342888
PMCPMC10859028

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.