ArticleBMC pediatrics2024
Ethnoracial disparities in childhood growth trajectories in Brazil: a longitudinal nationwide study of four million children.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Temporal trend in the nutritional status of Indigenous children and pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil (2014-2022).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Mapping the expressions and impacts of racism on health in Brazil: a scoping review.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- [Expansion of the use of technologies to reduce cases of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax in the Brazilian Amazon: a budget impact analysis].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Correction: Ethnoracial disparities in childhood growth trajectories in Brazil: a longitudinal nationwide study of four million children.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Temporal trend in markers of nutritional status and food consumption of non-village indigenous people in Brazil.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Use and filling out of the child health booklet among beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program in Salvador-Bahia, Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe literature contains scarce data on inequalities in growth trajectories among children born to mothers of diverse ethnoracial background in the first 5 years of life.
objectiveWe aimed to investigate child growth according to maternal ethnoracial group using a nationwide Brazilian database.
methodsA population-based retrospective cohort study employed linked data from the CIDACS Birth Cohort and the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN). Children born at term, aged 5 years or younger who presented two or more measurements of length/height (cm) and weight (kg) were followed up between 2008 and 2017. Prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and thinness were estimated. Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to estimate childhood growth trajectories, among different maternal ethnoracial groups (White, Asian descent, Black, Pardo, and Indigenous), using the raw measures of weight (kg) and height (cm) and the length/height-for-age (L/HAZ) and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ). The analyses were also adjusted for mother's age, educational level, and marital status.
resultsA total of 4,090,271 children were included in the study. Children of Indigenous mothers exhibited higher rates of stunting (26.74%) and underweight (5.90%). Wasting and thinness were more prevalent among children of Pardo, Asian, Black, and Indigenous mothers than those of White mothers. Regarding children's weight (kg) and length/height (cm), those of Indigenous, Pardo, Black, and Asian descent mothers were on average shorter and weighted less than White ones. Regarding WAZ and L/HAZ growth trajectories, a sharp decline in average z-scores was evidenced in the first weeks of life, followed by a period of recovery. Over time, z-scores for most of the subgroups analyzed trended below zero. Children of mother in greater social vulnerability showed less favorable growth.
conclusionWe observed racial disparities in nutritional status and childhood growth trajectories, with children of Indigenous mothers presenting less favorable outcomes compared to their White counterparts. The strengthening of policies aimed at protecting Indigenous children should be urgently undertaken to address systematic ethnoracial health inequalities.
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