ArticleJournal of applied microbiology2024
Heat inactivation of aqueous viable norovirus and MS2 bacteriophage.
Article in Journal of applied microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-time thermal inactivation of surrogates of the public transport microbiome with a low-cost thermoresistometer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessment of a membrane filter coated with hygroscopic glycerol for improved recovery of airborne viable bacteriophage MS2.Aerosol and air quality research · 2024Article
- Copper Oxide Electrochemical Deposition to Create Antiviral and Antibacterial Nanocoatings.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThis study aimed to compare the heat inactivation kinetics of viable human norovirus with the surrogate, MS2 bacteriophage as well as assess the decay of the RNA signal. METHODS AND
resultsHuman intestinal enteroids were used to analyze the heat inactivation kinetics of viable human norovirus compared to the surrogate MS2 bacteriophage, which was cultured using a plaque assay. Norovirus decay rates were 0.22 min-1, 0.68 min-1, and 1.11 min-1 for 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C, respectively, and MS2 bacteriophage decay rates were 0.0065 min-1, 0.045 min-1, and 0.16 min-1 for 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C, respectively. Norovirus had significantly higher decay rates than MS2 bacteriophage at all tested temperatures (P = .002-.007). No decrease of RNA titers as measured by reverse transcription-PCR for both human norovirus and MS2 bacteriophage over time was observed, indicating molecular methods do not accurately depict viable human norovirus after heat inactivation and treatment efficiency is underestimated.
conclusionsOverall, our data demonstrate that MS2 bacteriophage is a conservative surrogate to measure heat inactivation and potentially overestimates the infectious risk of norovirus. Furthermore, this study corroborates that measuring viral RNA titers, as evaluated by PCR methods, does not correlate with the persistence of viable norovirus under heat inactivation.
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Registered trials
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