ArticleAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2024
Intrinsic risk factors for alpha-gal syndrome in a case-control study, 2019 to 2020.
Article in Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alpha-gal Syndrome Symptom Profiles and Diagnostic Experiences Among Farmer and Ranchers.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Alpha-gal sensitization and allergic blood transfusion reactions: a scoping review.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Nutritional considerations for alpha-gal syndrome: a mini-review.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Childhood-onset alpha-gal syndrome in the central black sea region: real-world data on diagnostic delays, age-specific clinical patterns, environmental risk factors, and anaphylaxis predictors.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Public perspectives on tick bite exposure, healthcare visits and associated allergies in iberia.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- IgG to Galactose-Alpha-1,3-Galactose: Impact of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization, Blood Type, and Tick Bites.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Time From Onset to Diagnosis of Alpha-Gal Syndrome.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Digital Health Solutions for Alpha-Gal Syndrome: A Scoping Review of Telemedicine Evidence and Applications.Missouri medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an allergy to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), a carbohydrate found in most mammals. Evidence indicates that AGS develops after a tick bite, and in the United States, AGS is most associated with bites from Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick); however, not all persons bitten by ticks develop clinical AGS.
objectiveTo investigate intrinsic risk factors associated with the development of AGS.
methodsWe performed a case-control study among adults presenting for diagnosis or management of AGS at an allergy clinic in North Carolina during 2019 to 2020 and compared them with controls enrolled from 2 nearby internal medicine clinics. A questionnaire gathered epidemiologic and tick exposure data, and blood was obtained for alpha-gal-specific IgE and other testing.
resultsThe 82 enrolled case patients and 191 controls did not differ significantly by age or sex. Case patients were more likely than controls to have A or O blood types (non B-antigen), have experienced childhood allergies, and have a family history of AGS and other food allergies. Case patients were also more likely to report experiencing long healing times for insect bites or stings and a family history of allergy to stinging or biting insects.
conclusionThis study suggested that intrinsic factors contribute to risk of developing AGS. Some traits are genetic, but common behaviors among households and family units likely also contribute. Identification of these risk factors can inform personal risk, aid health care providers in understanding susceptible populations, and contribute to ongoing understanding of AGS epidemiology.
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