ArticleHuman brain mapping2024
FEMA: Fast and efficient mixed-effects algorithm for large sample whole-brain imaging data.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-childhood temperament trajectories map onto transdiagnostic psychiatric risk.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex differences in human deep grey matter microstructure emerge during adolescence.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Strategies for collection, management, and release of data for multi-site longitudinal studies: Lessons from the ABCD Data Analysis, Informatics, & Resource Center.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- A neuroanatomical basis for co-occurring low attention and low reading ability.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Ten years of statistical and methodological contributions.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- A 3D Brain Geometry Toolkit for Multisite Neuroimaging Analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- FEMA-Long: Modeling unstructured covariances for discovery of time-dependent effects in large-scale longitudinal datasets.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Social media use and early adolescent brain structure: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Nonlinear associations between body mass index and brain microstructure across adolescence in the ABCD Study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Early-childhood temperament deviations mark psychiatric risk into early adulthood.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Early nicotine initiation and white matter integrity: Associations from late childhood to mid-adolescence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Age associations with cortical and subcortical brain structure in adolescents age 9-17.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Brain Microstructure and Obesity Risk in Early Childhood: Insights from Restriction Spectrum Imaging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Missing data approaches for longitudinal neuroimaging research: Examples from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Longitudinal analysis of the ABCD® study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Reduced recruitment of inhibitory control regions in very young children with ADHD during a modified Kiddie Continuous Performance Task: A fMRI study.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2025Article
- Neurocognitive and brain structure correlates of reading and television habits in early adolescence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Structural Development of Speech Networks in Young Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal neuroanatomical increases from early to one-year postpartum.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The linear mixed-effects model (LME) is a versatile approach to account for dependence among observations. Many large-scale neuroimaging datasets with complex designs have increased the need for LME; however LME has seldom been used in whole-brain imaging analyses due to its heavy computational requirements. In this paper, we introduce a fast and efficient mixed-effects algorithm (FEMA) that makes whole-brain vertex-wise, voxel-wise, and connectome-wide LME analyses in large samples possible. We validate FEMA with extensive simulations, showing that the estimates of the fixed effects are equivalent to standard maximum likelihood estimates but obtained with orders of magnitude improvement in computational speed. We demonstrate the applicability of FEMA by studying the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on region-of-interest level and vertex-wise cortical thickness, as well as connectome-wide functional connectivity values derived from resting state functional MRI, using longitudinal imaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.