ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Mucus Structure, Viscoelastic Properties, and Composition in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Third harmonic generation microscopy reveals structure and mucus dynamics in human airway epithelium models.iScience · 2026Article
- Precision nanomedicine for pulmonary diseases: from molecular targeting to clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Remodeling the pathological airway: advanced nanotechnology for diagnostics and therapeutics in cystic fibrosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Structural and cellular mechanisms of mucus plugging in the larger airways.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: Targets for lung repair.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Boron as a Molecular Architect of Host-Microbiome Symbiosis: Implications for Dysbiosis and Aging-Related Pathologies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Novel liquid-based approaches for transmucosal drug delivery.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Platforms: From Barrier Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Mucopenetrative Lipid-Polymer nanoparticles show Potent Anti-Inflammatory activity in a human Lung-on-Chip model.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Restoration of Defective CFTR in Human Nasal Respiratory Epithelial Cells by CFTR Modulators and mRNA Transfection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Polysaccharides and the colon mucus barrier: a review of biophysical interactions and functional impacts.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Molecular pattern of acquiring upper respiratory infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Inhaled Targeted Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for COPD: Precision Solutions to Clinical Barriers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The convergent pathway of obstructive lung disease: the disease-modifying potential of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibition in COPD, asthma and bronchiectasis overlap.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Advances, and Therapeutic Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Understanding Aerosol-Mediated Disease Transmission.ACS central science · 2025Review
- Inhalable nanoparticle-based delivery systems for the treatment of pulmonary infections:Drug delivery · 2025Review
- The Role of MUC1 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP): The Correlation with Disease Severity.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Respiratory Ciliary Beat Frequency in COPD: Balancing Oxidative Stress and Pharmacological Treatment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The respiratory mucus, a viscoelastic gel, effectuates a primary line of the airway defense when operated by the mucociliary clearance. In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), the mucus is overproduced and its solid content augments, changing its structure and viscoelastic properties and determining a derangement of essential defense mechanisms against opportunistic microbial (virus and bacteria) pathogens. This ensues in damaging of the airways, leading to a vicious cycle of obstruction and infection responsible for the harsh clinical evolution of these CRDs. Here, we review the essential features of normal and pathological mucus (i.e., sputum in CF, COPD, and asthma), i.e., mucin content, structure (mesh size), micro/macro-rheology, pH, and osmotic pressure, ending with the awareness that sputum biomarkers (mucins, inflammatory proteins and peptides, and metabolites) might serve to indicate acute exacerbation and response to therapies. There are some indications that old and novel treatments may change the structure, viscoelastic properties, and biomarker content of sputum; however, a wealth of work is still needed to embrace these measures as correlates of disease severity in association with (or even as substitutes of) pulmonary functional tests.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.