ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Development: A Review of Potential Mechanisms.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06718920 (Single-center Observational Study to Characterize Adverse Childhood Experiences), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Single-center Observational Study to Characterize Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Their Impact on Quality of Life, Disease Coping Strategies, and Adherence to Disease Course-modifying Therapies
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying Risk Factors for the Rising Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: A case-control analysis.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2026Article
- Childhood adversity, allostatic load and epigenetic signatures in paediatric and adult-onset multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- From Early Adversity to Neurodegeneration: Stress Biomarkers as Predictive Signals for Lifespan Brain Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Phenotyping Healthcare Use 2-3 Decades Before the First Multiple Sclerosis Demyelinating Event.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Healthcare use is elevated two decades before a first demyelinating event and differs by age and sex.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, contribute to long-term systemic toxic stress and inflammation that may last well into adulthood. Such early-life stressors have been associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) in observational studies and with the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in animal models. In this review, we summarize the evidence for an ACE-mediated increase in MS risk, as well as the potential mechanisms for this association. ACEs dysregulate neurodevelopment, stress responses, and immune reactivity; they also alter the interplay between the immune system and neural networks. All of this may be relevant for MS risk. We further discuss how ACEs induce epigenetic changes and how the toxic stress caused by ACEs may reactivate the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a key risk factor for MS. We conclude by suggesting new initiatives to obtain further insights into this topic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.