Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38336880›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

An integrated self-optimizing programmable chemical synthesis and reaction engine.

Artem I Leonov, Alexander J S Hammer, Slawomir Lach, S Hessam M Mehr, Dario Caramelli, Davide Angelone, Aamir Khan, Steven O'Sullivan, Matthew Craven, Liam Wilbraham and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Receptogenesis in a Vascularized Robotic Embodiment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Chemputer and chemputation-A universal chemical compound synthesis machine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Utilizing Similarity Measures to Map Chemical Reactivity.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  9. Lanthanide Nanotheranostics in Radiotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Reaction Kinetics using a Chemputable Framework for Data Collection and Analysis.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Artem I Leonov *School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Alexander J S Hammer *School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-8239
Slawomir LachSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-2214
S Hessam M MehrSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-3102
Dario CaramelliSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Davide AngeloneSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-907X
Aamir KhanSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Steven O'SullivanSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Matthew CravenSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Liam WilbrahamSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Leroy CroninSchool of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. lee.cronin@glasgow.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-5757

Funding

RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/H024107/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Robotic platforms for chemistry are developing rapidly but most systems are not currently able to adapt to changing circumstances in real-time. We present a dynamically programmable system capable of making, optimizing, and discovering new molecules which utilizes seven sensors that continuously monitor the reaction. By developing a dynamic programming language, we demonstrate the 10-fold scale-up of a highly exothermic oxidation reaction, end point detection, as well as detecting critical hardware failures. We also show how the use of in-line spectroscopy such as HPLC, Raman, and NMR can be used for closed-loop optimization of reactions, exemplified using Van Leusen oxazole synthesis, a four-component Ugi condensation and manganese-catalysed epoxidation reactions, as well as two previously unreported reactions, discovered from a selected chemical space, providing up to 50% yield improvement over 25-50 iterations. Finally, we demonstrate an experimental pipeline to explore a trifluoromethylations reaction space, that discovers new molecules.

Identifiers

PMID38336880
PMCPMC10858227

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.