ArticleInternational journal of women's dermatology2024
A cross-sectional review of contact allergens in popular self-tanning products.
Article in International journal of women's dermatology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Unexpected Culprit: Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Benzyl Alcohol in Moist Toilet Paper.Contact dermatitis · 2026Article
- Current status of national regulations on tanning bed use and workers' protection from solar ultraviolet radiation: results from a global International League of Dermatological Societies (ILDS) questionnaire study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, self-tanners have become a well-liked alternative to sun tanning and tanning bed usage, as strikingly similar results can be achieved without the harmful side effects of ultraviolet exposure. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the presence and prevalence of potential allergens in the most popular self-tanning products. Methods: Five major retailers in the United States were evaluated, from which 17 different brands and 44 unique self-tanning products were analyzed. The ingredients in each self-tanning product were compared with 80 and 36 notable contact allergens taken from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group and Food and Drug Administration-approved T.R.U.E (Thin-Layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Patch Test), respectively. Results: We found that contact allergens are frequently present in self-tanning products; allergens especially common are propylene glycol, linalool, polysorbate, d-limonene, benzyl alcohol, tocopherol (vitamin E), fragrances, and other scented botanicals. On average, each self-tanner we analyzed contained 11.86 allergens. Limitations: The limitation is that commercial names could not be eliminated from the analysis, introducing potential bias. Conclusion: While self-tanning products are a safer alternative to tanning bed use or sunbathing, consumers and clinicians alike must be aware that they may cause an allergic reaction of the skin for some users.
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Registered trials
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