ArticleBMJ open2024
Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting the risk of unplanned cesarean delivery at admission to guide labor process management: a retrospective cohort study in Southwest China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Interaction between maternal CRP levels and diabetes on preterm delivery risk: a retrospective observation study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Current status of cesarean section in secondary maternal and child health hospitals under new fertility policies: using the Robson classification system.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Obstetric characteristics and pregnancy outcomes under China's three-child policy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an improved prediction model for vaginal birth after previous cesarean section: a retrospective cohort study of a Chinese population.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- A predicting model for intrapartum cesarean delivery at admission using a nomogram: a retrospective cohort study in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Effect of "universal two-child" policy on population changes in Shandong province, China: an interrupted time series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Correlation between ultrasound-measured inferior vena cava diameter and peripherally inserted central catheter measured central venous pressure in low birth weight infants.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Dynamic changes of gut microbiota between the first and second trimester for women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their correlations with BMI: a nested cohort study in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingData from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.
participantsWe included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013-September 2023. MAIN OUTCOMES: The main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.
resultsThe birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 and [Formula: see text] values close to 1, respectively).
conclusionThe 'three-child' policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00-15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth.
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