ReviewJCI insight2024
Sociodemographic factors and research experience impact MD-PhD program acceptance.
Review in JCI insight, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Socioeconomic and economic factors affecting access and progression in medical schools: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of educational evaluation for health professions · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing MD-PhD trainee experiences by disciplinary background.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Dual-degree pathways in the residency match: a comparative analysis of application behaviors and outcomes.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Trends in MD-PhD representation and match outcomes across competitive specialties, 2007-2024.PloS one · 2026Article
- First-Generation and Low-Income Students in the National Medical Student Body.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Admissions to MD-PhD programs: how well do application metrics predict short- or long-term physician-scientist outcomes?JCI insight · 2025Article
- 2024 Physician-Scientist Trainee Diversity Summit conference proceedings.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Physician-scientist development: a new category for supporting all stages of the physician-scientist pipeline.JCI insight · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The 2014 NIH Physician-Scientist Workforce Working Group predicted a future shortage of physician-scientists. Subsequent studies have highlighted disparities in MD-PhD admissions based on race, income, and education. Our analysis of data from the Association of American Medical Colleges covering 2014-2021 (15,156 applicants and 6,840 acceptees) revealed that acceptance into US MD-PhD programs correlates with research experience, family income, and research publications. The number of research experiences associated with parental education and family income. Applicants were more likely to be accepted with a family income greater than $50,000 or with one or more publications or presentations. Applicants were less likely to be accepted if they had parents without a graduate degree, were Black/African American, were first-generation college students, or were reapplicants, irrespective of the number of research experiences, publications, or presentations. These findings underscore an admissions bias that favors candidates from affluent and highly educated families, while disadvantaging underrepresented minorities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.