ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2024
The association between neuroendocrine/glucose metabolism and clinical outcomes and disease course in different clinical states of bipolar disorders.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Thyroid hormone levels in patients with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury and its associations with thyroid and sex hormones in adolescents with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- The association between thyroid hormone levels and psychiatric symptoms in patients with mania or depression.Endocrine journal · 2026Article
- Energy Allocation Resilience and Endocrine Integration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Linking glucose swings and mental health to cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in general practice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessment of insulin resistance in different phases of bipolar disorder with the triglyceride glucose index, triglyceride glucose-body mass index, and metabolic score index for insulin resistance.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective: The treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) remains challenging. The study evaluated the impact of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis/hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and glucose metabolism on the clinical outcomes in patients with bipolar depression (BD-D) and manic bipolar (BD-M) disorders. Methods: The research design involved a longitudinal prospective study. A total of 500 BD patients aged between 18 and 65 years treated in 15 hospitals located in Western China were enrolled in the study. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were used to assess the BD symptoms. An effective treatment response was defined as a reduction in the symptom score of more than 25% after 12 weeks of treatment. The score of symptoms was correlated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, the HPA axis hormone levels (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol), and the HPT axis hormone levels (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4)). Results: In the BD-M group, the YMRS was positively correlated with baseline T4 ( Conclusion: The HPT axis and glucose metabolism were closely associated with clinical outcomes at 12 weeks in both BD-D and BD-M groups. If confirmed in further longitudinal studies, monitoring T3 in BD-D patients and HOMA-IR for BD-M could be used as potential treatment response biomarkers.
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