ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2024
Circulating ketone bodies and mortality in heart failure: a community cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Use of Metabolomes in Risk Stratification of Patients with Heart Failure: A Scoping Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The regulatory role of exercise in heart failure and myocardial energy metabolism: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Ketone Bodies in the Regulation of Myocardial Perfusion in Cardiovascular Disease: Metabolic and Vasodilatory Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Characteristics of Cardiac Ketone Body Metabolism Throughout the Life Cycle.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2025Review
- GLP-1 receptor agonists synergistic effects of metabolic reprogramming and cardioprotection.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Potential causes and significance of elevated blood ketone levels in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The relationship between ketone bodies (KB) and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) syndrome has not been well established. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the distribution of KB in HF, identify clinical correlates, and examine the associations between plasma KB and all-cause mortality in a population-based HF cohort. Methods: The plasma KB levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between clinical correlates and KB levels. Proportional hazard regression was employed to examine associations between KB (represented as both continuous and categorical variables) and mortality, with adjustment for several clinical covariates. Results: Among the 1,382 HF patients with KB measurements, the median (IQR) age was 78 (68, 84) and 52% were men. The median (IQR) KB was found to be 180 (134, 308) μM. Higher KB levels were associated with advanced HF (NYHA class III-IV) and higher NT-proBNP levels (both Conclusions: Most patients with HF exhibited KB levels that were consistent with those found in healthy adults. Elevated levels of KB were observed in patients with advanced HF. Higher KB levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of death, particularly in patients with preserved EF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.