ArticleNature2024
Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain.
Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
164citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
54.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- From glia limitans to glial scars: in vitro co-culture studies of the astrocyte and meningeal interaction.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Pooled it
- Role of meningeal lymphatic vessels in brain homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The glymphatic-lymphatic axis: known pathways, open questions, and emerging roles in neurodegeneration.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- DTI-ALPS Primarily Reflects White Matter Diffusion Dispersion and Microstructural Heterogeneity in Neurodegeneration: Insights From Multi-Modal MRI.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Article
- Ultrafast venous and sagittal sinus constrictions in the brain driven by abdominal pressure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effects of aging on distribution and gene silencing activity of lipid-siRNA conjugates delivered into cerebrospinal fluid.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Cerebral venous blood flow regulates intracerebral pressure and brain clearance via meningeal lymphatic vessels.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Glymphatic system dysfunction: a link between sleep disorders and neurodegeneration.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Beyond FLAIR: PRISM (polarity-preserving real inversion solute mapping)-a new Frontier in real inversion recovery MRI for intracranial and sensory organ fluid assessment.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Non-invasive characterization of perivascular subarachnoid spaces.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dietary allergen promotes sex-specific leukocyte trafficking and alters the brain immune cell populations in subclinically sensitized mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Driven microglia reprogramming reverses depressive-like behaviors through Peripheral-to-Central immune crosstalk.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clearance of intracranial debris by ultrasound reduces inflammation and improves outcomes in hemorrhagic stroke models.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Lymph Node Seeker 64Cu-Labeled Gram-Negative Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles With Positron Emission Tomography (PET).Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Leon C D SmythBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA. l.c.smyth@wustl.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9861-3574
Di Xu *Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Serhat V Okar *Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Taitea DykstraBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7756-809X
Justin RustenhovenBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Zachary PapadopoulosBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5681-1388
Kesshni BhasiinBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Min Woo KimBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1327-3617
Antoine DrieuBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6237-4719
Tornike MamuladzeBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Susan BlackburnBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Xingxing GuBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
María I GaitánTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4455-5641
Govind NairQuantitative MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3725-615X
Steffen E StorckBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6965-2264
Siling DuBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Michael A WhiteDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Peter BayguinovWashington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Igor SmirnovBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Krikor DikranianDepartment of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Daniel S ReichTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2628-4334
Jonathan KipnisBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA. kipnis@wustl.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3714-517X
Washington University in St. Louis · USNational Institutes of Health · USUniversity of Auckland · NZ
Funding
NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARD-MEDICAL SCIENTISTT32GM007200 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI YOKOYAMA, WAYNE M. · 1985 to 2024
$59.8MMultimodal MRI in Multiple SclerosisZIANS003119 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI REICH, DANIEL · 2010 to 2025
$53.4MThe protein tyrosine kinase SYK drives innate immune responses against Alzheimer's DiseaseP01AG078106 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Jonathan Kipnis · 2022 to 2026
$18.4MMeninges-to-astrocyte communication in cognitive functionR01AG034113 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI KIPNIS, JONATHAN · 2010 to 2019
$3.8MImmune system supports brain functionR37AG034113 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Jonathan Kipnis · 2020 to 2026
$3.7MIntramural NIH HHS ZIA NS003119NIA NIH HHS P01 AG078106NIA NIH HHS R01 AG034113NIA NIH HHS R37 AG034113NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007200
Abstract
The arachnoid barrier delineates the border between the central nervous system and dura mater. Although the arachnoid barrier creates a partition, communication between the central nervous system and the dura mater is crucial for waste clearance and immune surveillance
Indexed as
ArachnoidBrainDura MaterAnimalsBiological TransportCerebrospinal FluidEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalGene Expression ProfilingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMiceMice, TransgenicSubarachnoid SpaceVeins
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.