Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38326175›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2024

National and regional trends in seizures of shrooms (psilocybin) in the United States, 2017-2022.

Joseph J Palamar, Nicole D Fitzgerald, Thomas H Carr, Caroline Rutherford, Katherine M Keyes, Linda B Cottler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joseph J PalamarNYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: joseph.palamar@nyulangone.org.
Nicole D FitzgeraldUniversity of Florida, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, United States; NDEWS, University of Florida, USA.
Thomas H CarrOffice of National Drug Control Policy, Washington-Baltimore High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas Program; College of Public Affairs, Center for Drug Policy and Prevention, University of Baltimore, USA.
Caroline RutherfordDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Katherine M KeyesDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Linda B CottlerUniversity of Florida, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, United States; NDEWS, University of Florida, USA.

Funding

National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) COVID-19 SupplementU01DA051126 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Linda B. Cottler, Joseph J Palamar · 2020 to 2026
$6.3M
UF Substance Abuse Training Center in Public HealthT32DA035167 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Linda B. Cottler · 2014 to 2026
$4.8M
New psychoactive substance exposure among NYC nightclub and festival attendeesR01DA057289 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Joseph J Palamar · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
Drug use among nightclub and dance festival attendees in New York CityR01DA044207 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI PALAMAR, JOSEPH J · 2018 to 2021
$1.5M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA044207NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA057289NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA035167NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA051126
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPsilocybin, the principle psychoactive component in "shrooms", is regaining acceptance in therapeutic settings, leading to media coverage of medical benefits associated with use. Possession is also becoming increasingly decriminalized throughout the United States. There is a lack of data on prevalence of shroom use, but trends in law enforcement seizure data can provide one indicator of shroom availability in US communities. We determined whether seizures of shrooms have shifted between 2017 and 2022.

methodsThis study examined national and regional trends in counts and total weight of shroom seizures reported to High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas in the US between 2017 and 2022 (N=4526).

resultsThere were 402 seizures in 2017 compared to 1396 in 2022 with the plurality occurring in the Midwest (36.0%), followed by the West (33.5%). Between 2017 Quarter 1 (Q1) and 2022 Quarter 4 (Q4), the number of seizures increased by 368.9% (AQPC=7.0; 95 CI: 5.9-8.1) and there were significant increases in all four regions. In terms of weight, 226.0kg was seized in 2017 vs. 844.0kg in 2022, and the greatest total weight in seizures was in the West (1864.2kg, 42.6%), followed by the South (1831.9kg, 41.8%). Between 2017 Q1 and 2022 Q4, the total weight seized in the US increased by 2749.7% (AQPC=6.2, 95% CI: 0.3-12.4) and there were significant increases in all four regions.

conclusionsSeizures of shrooms have increased, suggesting that availability may be escalating; thus, increases in prevention efforts and harm reduction education are warranted.

Indexed as

PsilocybinHallucinogensHumansUnited StatesHallucinogensPsilocybinDrug lawsDrug seizuresPsilocybinSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID38326175
PMCPMC11088526

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.