ArticleHeliyon2024
Sodium butyrate restricts neutrophils migration and NETs formation through reducing macrophage-derived CXCL16 in calculous cholecystitis.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- P2RY13-Negative Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promote NETosis and Are Associated with Poor Prognosis Across Multiple Cancers.Cancers · 2026Article
- Gut fungi exacerbates gallstone formation by activating neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor microenvironment for radiotherapy: friend or foe?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in gallstones: mechanisms and intervention strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Fumarate inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a Nrf2-controlled and Annexin-A1-dependent manner associated with mitochondrial fusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Diabetic wounds and short-chain fatty acids.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Article
- Non-linear association of cardiometabolic index with gallstone disease in US adults: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) havebeen demonstrated to initiate gallstone formation. Cholecystitis is a common complication of gallstones. As short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Butyrate acid has anti-inflammatory effects and alleviates cholesterol gallstones. However, the role of Butyrate acid in NETs of calculous cholecystitis and the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The effect of Sodium butyrate on neutrophil migration and NETs formation involved in macrophages polarization and exosomalCXCL16 in calculous cholecystitis was explored in our study. Methods: The number of neutrophils and NETs, macrophages polarization and exosomal CXCL16 level were analyzed in clinic samples from patients. Exosomes were obtained and verified by gradient centrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, NanoSight analysis and Western blotting. Transwell, immunofluorescence and ELISA were used to detect neutrophil migration and NETs formation. Results: Our results demonstrated that a large number of neutrophils and NETs, as well as M1 macrophages and exosomal CXCL16, were found in the blood of gallstones patients, especially patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. Exosomal CXCL16 was upregulated in plasma of calculous cholecystitis patients or Lipopolysaccharide induced macrophages, and promoted neutrophil cell migration and NETs formation. Sodium butyrate reduced exosomal CXCL16 secretion through the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization to suppress neutrophils migration and NETs formation. Conclusion: Our study suggested that Sodium butyrate may inhibit neutrophils migration and NETs formation to alleviate calculous cholecystitis by reducing exosomal CXCL16 secretion from macrophage and macrophage polarization. General significance: Our finding may provide a link between exosomes and neutrophils to serve as a potential therapeutic intervention in calculous cholecystitis.
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