SynthesisInternational journal of health geographics2024
Global positioning system-based food environment exposures, diet-related, and cardiometabolic health outcomes: a systematic review and research agenda.
Synthesis in International journal of health geographics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Demographic Associations with GPS-Inferred Routine Activity Spaces: Data from the Everyday Environments and Experiences (E3) Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between healthiness of community food environments and diet-related health outcomes in regional Australia: an ecological study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Nutriepigenetics and nutriepigenomics: Exploring the interactions between nutrition, epigenetics, and epigenomics in the pathogenesis of noncommunicable diseases.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- One Health Approaches to Ethical, Secure, and Sustainable Food Systems and Ecosystems: Plant-Based Diets and Livestock in the African Context.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Neighbourhood out-of-home food environment, menu healthiness, and their associations with meal purchasing and diet quality: a multiverse analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Defining household exposure to the food environment: A comparison of measures based on residential area and activity space.PloS one · 2025Article
- Temptation at every corner: exploring public perceptions of food cues and policy support for governmental food cue regulation in outdoor public spaces.BMC medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGeographic access to food may affect dietary choices and health outcomes, but the strength and direction of associations may depend on the operationalization of exposure measures. We aimed to systematically review the literature on up-to-date evidence on the association between food environment exposures based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and diet-related and cardiometabolic health outcomes.
methodsThe databases PubMed, Embase.com, APA PsycInfo (via Ebsco), Cinahl (via Ebsco), the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (via ProQuest) were searched from inception to October 31, 2022. We included studies that measured the activity space through GPS tracking data to identify exposure to food outlets and assessed associations with either diet-related or cardiometabolic health outcomes. Quality assessment was evaluated using the criteria from a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies. We additionally used four items from a quality assessment tool to specifically assess the quality of GPS measurements.
resultsOf 2949 studies retrieved, 14 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. They were heterogeneous and represent inconsistent evidence. Yet, three studies found associations between food outlets and food purchases, for example, more exposure to junk food outlets was associated with higher odds of junk food purchases. Two studies found associations between greater exposure to fast food outlets and higher fast food consumption and out of three studies that investigated food environment in relation to metabolic outcomes, two studies found that higher exposure to an unhealthy food environment was associated with higher odds of being overweight.
conclusionsThe current and limited evidence base does not provide strong evidence for consistent associations of GPS-based exposures of the food environment with diet-related and cardiometabolic health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.