SynthesisBMC neurology2024
The prevalence and risk factors for phantom limb pain: a cross-sectional survey.
Synthesis in BMC neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07393139 (Early Postoperative Pain and Functional Recovery Following a Limb Amputation), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Postoperative Pain and Functional Recovery Following a Limb Amputation: a Retrospective Observational Study.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological Therapies for Pain Management in Patients With Amputation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Pain research & management · 2026Pooled it
- Neuropathic Mechanisms in Phantom Pain: A Review of Pain Pathways and Peripheral Localization.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Perineuromal hydrodissection for acute postamputation pain? An observational study in a time of war.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Observational
- Incidence of Clinically Documented Phantom Limb Pain During Hospitalization and Preoperative Risk Factors in Patients Who Underwent Nontraumatic Major Lower Limb Amputation: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The effects of a task shifted multi-component mental health intervention to support prosthetic and orthotic service users in Cambodia: a non-randomised controlled study.International journal of mental health systems · 2025Article
- Phantom Limb Pain Assessment Tools: A Literature Review Exploring Strengths and Limitations.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- In Reply.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Article
- Neurophysiological Markers of Adaptation and Compensation Following Lower Limb Amputation: An Analysis of EEG Oscillations and Clinical Predictors from the DEFINE Cohort Study.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Quality of life among lower limb prosthetic users in Jordan: a cross-sectional study using the Arabic SF-36.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
- Motor cortex stimulation for phantom limb pain treatment.Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and risk factors for phantom limb pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe previously performed a systematic review and meta-analysis which revealed a Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) prevalence estimate of 64% [95% CI: 60.01-68.1]. The prevalence estimates varied significantly between developed and developing countries. Remarkably, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of PLP and associated risk factors in African populations.
methodsAdults who had undergone limb amputations between January 2018 and October 2022 were recruited from healthcare facilities in the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces. We excluded individuals with auditory or speech impairments that hindered clear communication via telephone. Data on the prevalence and risk factors for PLP were collected telephonically from consenting and eligible participants. The prevalence of PLP was expressed as a percentage with a 95% confidence interval. The associations between PLP and risk factors for PLP were tested using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The strength of association was calculated using the Odds Ratio where association was confirmed.
resultsThe overall PLP prevalence was 71.73% [95% CI: 65.45-77.46]. Persistent pre-operative pain, residual limb pain, and non-painful phantom limb sensations were identified as risk factors for PLP.
conclusionThis study revealed a high prevalence of PLP. The use of effective treatments targeting pre-amputation pain may yield more effective and targeted pre-amputation care, leading to improved quality of life after amputation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.