ArticleBMJ open2024
Analysis of factors related to the development of ocular biometric parameters in Chinese children aged 6-10 years: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Screen Time and Myopia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Normative ocular biometric profile of emmetropic Nepalese children: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The effect of sleep deprivation on lens-induced-myopia in guinea pigs.Laboratory animal research · 2026Article
- Vitreous chamber depth as part of axial elongation in pediatric myopia.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A Predictive Model for Personalized Fitting of Peripheral Defocus Spectacles Based on Ocular Biometric Parameters.Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a model for predicting myopia in young children in China.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A study on the variability and correlation of ocular biological measurement parameters in adult myopic patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesEmmetropia depends on the precise coordination of ocular biometry, including axial length (AL), corneal curvature, lens thickness and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Disruption of this coordination leads to refractive errors such as myopia. This article aimed to determine the factors affecting ocular biometry and myopia development in young children.
designA cross-sectional study.
settingThis study was conducted in a primary school in the Yanqing district of Beijing, China.
participants792 students in grades 1-3 without hyperopia (>+2.00 D), strabismus, or amblyopia were selected. EXCLUSIONS: students had conditions affecting best corrected visual acuity and whose guardians refused to provide informed consent. Ocular biometric measurements and non-cycloplegia autorefraction were performed. The questionnaire addressed factors such as perinatal factors and environmental factors.
interventionsNone. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Ocular biometry and myopia.
resultsAccording to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, electronic screen use >2 hours/day (OR=2.175, p=0.013), paternal myopia (OR=1.761, p=0.002), maternal myopia (OR=1.718, p=0.005), taller height (OR=1.071, p<0.001), maternal education (OR=0.631, p=0.012) and maternal gestational hypertension (OR=0.330, p=0.042) were associated with myopia. AL was affected by female sex (OR=0.295, p<0.001), older age (OR=1.272, p=0.002) and taller height (OR=1.045, p<0.001). Female sex (OR=0.509, p<0.001), taller height (OR=1.046, p<0.001), use of electronic screens >2 hours each day (OR=3.596, p<0.001) and time spent outdoors >2 hours each day (OR=0.431, p=0.001) influenced ACD incidence. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was associated with older age (OR=1.113, p=0.008), paternal education (OR=1.474, p=0.007), premature birth (OR=0.494, p=0.031), history of blue light therapy in infancy (OR=0.636, p=0.041) and history of incubator therapy in infancy (OR=0.263, p=0.009). Only sex influenced corneal curvature.
conclusionsThe factors associated with myopia were partly related to ACD and AL, and perinatal factors were associated with myopia and CCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200065398.
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