ArticleThe Journal of infection2024
Diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory markers in adults with suspected central nervous system infections.
Article in The Journal of infection, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating Blood Biomarkers That Can Facilitate the Diagnosis of Meningitis-A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Differential cytokine signature profiles in neonates, infants, and children with enterovirus meningitis.Journal of virology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Fast and reliable machine learning-based detection of postoperative intracranial infections in brain tumor patients: a diagnostic study using routine CSF parameters.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- CSF Leukocytes in Intracranial Infections: Diagnostic, Mechanistic, and Therapeutic Insights for Neurocritical Care.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Serum and CSF cytokine profile in patients with facial palsy (Bell's palsy): a pilot study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of combined cerebrospinal fluid parameters for post-neurosurgical intracranial infection in brain tumor patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Utility of SIRS criteria and QSOFA score in identifying patients with central nervous system infections at risk for poor outcome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors analysis in patients with post-neurosurgical intracranial infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mid-Regional Proadrenomedullin in Cerebrospinal Fluid Is a Reliable Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Acute Meningoencephalitis and Neurological Disorders.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolome in Central Nervous System Infections: A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Novel techniques for the diagnosis of neurological infections.Current opinion in neurology · 2025Review
- Validation and clinical implementation of cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Heparin-Binding Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Biomarker for Bacterial Meningitis: A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Combination value of cell index, CSF PCT, and CSF IL-6 for intracranial infection diagnosis after neurosurgery.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pentraxin 3: a novel biomarker in pediatric central nervous system infections.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Elevated serum IL-10/IL-6 ratio as a novel biomarker for secondary central nervous system lymphoma and poor prognosis in DLBCL.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A nomogram for predicting viral encephalitis based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory markers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections and specifically bacterial meningitis.
methodsWe analyzed 12 cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase reactants in CSF and plasma of 738 patients with suspected neurological infection included in a multicenter prospective cohort. We determined diagnostic accuracy for predicting any CNS infection and bacterial meningitis.
resultsWe included 738 episodes between 2017 and 2022, split into a derivation (n = 450) and validation cohort (n = 288). Of these patients, 224 (30%) were diagnosed with CNS infection, of which 81 (11%) with bacterial meningitis, 107 (14%) with viral meningitis or encephalitis, and 35 patients (5%) with another CNS infection. Diagnostic accuracy of CRP, IL-6, and Il-1β in CSF was high, especially for diagnosing bacterial meningitis. Combining these biomarkers in a multivariable model increased accuracy and provided excellent discrimination between bacterial meningitis and all other disorders (AUC = 0.99), outperforming all individual biomarkers as well as CSF leukocytes (AUC = 0.97). When applied to the population of patients with a CSF leukocyte count of 5-1000 cells/mm
conclusionsInflammatory biomarkers in CSF are able to differentiate CNS infections and especially bacterial meningitis from other disorders. When these biomarkers are combined, their diagnostic accuracy exceeds that of CSF leukocytes alone and as such these markers have added value to current clinical practice.
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