ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2024
The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score correlate with transarterial and systemic treatment response and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Risk Factors for Intrahepatic Distant Recurrence After Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Folate receptor 1 is a stemness trait-associated diagnostic and prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Leveraging artificial intelligence to validate traditional biomarkers and drug targets in liver cancer recovery: a mini review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeThe GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score are biomarker-based scoring systems used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both incorporate levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP). Our objective was to examine the relationship between the GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score and treatment response to transarterial or systemic treatments in patients with HCC.
methodsA total of 220 patients with HCC treated with either transarterial (n = 121) or systemic treatments (n = 99; mainly Sorafenib) were retrospectively analyzed. The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score were calculated based on AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP levels measured in serum samples collected before treatment. The results were correlated with 3-month treatment efficacy based on radiologic mRECIST criteria.
resultsThe GALAD score showed a strong correlation with BCLC stage (p < 0.001) and total tumor diameter before treatment (p < 0.001).The GALAD score at baseline was significantly lower in patients with a 3-month response to transarterial (p > 0.001) than in refractory patients. Among patients receiving systemic treatment, the median BALAD-2 score at baseline showed a strong association with response at month 3 (p < 0.001). In the transarterial treatment group, the GALAD score (AUC = 0.715; p < 0.001) as well as the BALAD score (AUC = 0.696; p < 0.001) were associated with overall survival, hereby outperforming AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP.
conclusionThe GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score hold significant promise as a prognostic tool for patients with early or intermediate-stage HCC who are undergoing transarterial or systemic treatments.
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