ReviewResuscitation plus2024
Challenges & barriers for real-time integration of drones in emergency cardiac care: Lessons from the United States, Sweden, & Canada.
Review in Resuscitation plus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Current and potential uses of drones in healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid scoping review.Global health action · 2026Article
- Nighttime human-supervised drone-delivered automated external defibrillators: a quasi-experimental mixed-methods feasibility study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Digital Technologies Across the Stroke Continuum: From Risk Prediction to Real-Time Monitoring and Rapid Response.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- New frontiers for unmanned aerial vehicles in planetary health research.BMC global and public health · 2026Review
- Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Public-Access Defibrillation and System Approaches to Minimize Avoidable Delay.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Drone-delivered automated external defibrillators in prehospital emergency care: implementation evidence, bottlenecks, and conceptual integration with artificial intelligence and next-generation communications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Deployment, dispatch, and delivery: a scoping review of drone-delivered AED for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Effect of Thermal and Vibration Changes on Automated External Defibrillator Circuit Boards: Finite Element Analysis Study.JMIRx med · 2025Article
- Flight testing of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in suburban Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cardiac Arrest: Can Technology Be the Solution?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Drones delivering automated external defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.Resuscitation plus · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and Europe (∼600,000 incident events annually) and around the world (∼3.8 million). With every minute that passes without cardiopulmonary resuscitation or defibrillation, the probability of survival decreases by 10%. Preliminary studies suggest that uncrewed aircraft systems, also known as drones, can deliver automated external defibrillators (AEDs) to OHCA victims faster than ground transport and potentially save lives. Objective: To date, the United States (US), Sweden, and Canada have made significant contributions to the knowledge base regarding AED-equipped drones. The purpose of this Special Communication is to explore the challenges and facilitators impacting the progress of AED-equipped drone integration into emergency medicine research and applications in the US, Sweden, and Canada. We also explore opportunities to propel this innovative and important research forward. Evidence review: In this narrative review, we summarize the AED-drone research to date from the US, Sweden, and Canada, including the first drone-assisted delivery of an AED to an OHCA. Further, we compare the research environment, emergency medical systems, and aviation regulatory environment in each country as they apply to OHCA, AEDs, and drones. Finally, we provide recommendations for advancing research and implementation of AED-drone technology into emergency care. Findings: The rates that drone technologies have been integrated into both research and real-life emergency care in each country varies considerably. Based on current research, there is significant potential in incorporating AED-equipped drones into the chain of survival for OHCA emergency response. Comparing the different environments and systems in each country revealed ways that each can serve as a facilitator or barrier to future AED-drone research. Conclusions and relevance: The US, Sweden, and Canada each offers different challenges and opportunities in this field of research. Together, the international community can learn from one another to optimize integration of AED-equipped drones into emergency systems of care.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.