ArticlePharmaceutical nanotechnology2025
Crocin-loaded Niosomal Nanoparticles Reversing Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in HEK293 Cell Line Exposed to Paraquat: An
Article in Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundParaquat (PQ) is an effective herbicide which is widely used around the world to remove weeds in agriculture. As a water-soluble carotenoid, crocin is a pharmacologically active constituent of
objectivesIn the present study, we investigated the effects of crocin-loaded niosomes (Cro-NIO) compared to free crocin on PQ-induced toxicity in the eukaryotic human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line.
methodsThe Cro-NIO was synthesized and characterized. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay in PQ-exposed HEK293 cell lines. The activities of biochemical markers were quantitatively determined to reveal the potential mechanism of PQ-induced oxidative stress in HEK293 cell line.
resultsThe particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), DL, and EE of Cro-NIO were 145.4 ± 19.5 nm, -22.3 ± 3.11 mV, 0.3 ± 0.03, 1.74 ± 0.01%, and 55.3 ± 7.1%, respectively. PQtreated HEK293 cell lines decreased cell viability. The results of oxidative status showed that PQ significantly could increase ROS accumulation, accompanied by a decreasing antioxidant defense system. However, treatment with Cro-NIO, compared to crocin, not only did dose-dependently improve the cell viability but also significantly attenuated the ROS accumulation and increased antioxidant markers.
conclusionAccording to these results, Cro-NIO, compared to crocin, was superior to ameliorating PQ-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in HEK293 cells.
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