Trial reportInternal and emergency medicine2024
Changes in biomarkers of exposure and withdrawal symptom among Chinese adult smokers after completely or partially switching from combustible cigarettes to an electronic nicotine delivery system.
Trial report in Internal and emergency medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Narrative Review of the Potential Impact of Next-Generation Tobacco and Nicotine Products on Cardiovascular Health.Cureus · 2026Review
- Analysis of ElfBar Elfa vaping product aerosol compared with cigarette smoke and regulatory safety limits.iScience · 2026Article
- Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of association between smoking initiation and atrial fibrillation.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study assessed changes in biomarkers of exposure (BoE) after 5 days of completely or partially switching to an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use, compared with continued use of combustible cigarettes and smoking abstinence among Chinese adult smokers. A randomized, open-label, parallel-arm study was conducted among Chinese adult smokers who were naive ENDS users. Forty-six subjects were randomized to 4 study groups (n = 11-12 per group): exclusive ENDS use, dual use of ENDS and cigarettes, exclusive cigarettes use, and smoking abstinence. Subjects were confined in clinic for 5 consecutive days and product use was ad libitum. Nicotine and its metabolites (cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine), and BoEs (AAMA, CEMA, HEMA, HMPMA, 3-HPMA, SPMA, exhaled CO, and exhaled NO) were measured. Withdrawal symptom was measured using MNWS throughout the 5-day period. Six urine BoEs of volatile organic compounds decreased by 55.1-84.1% in the exclusive ENDS use group, which is similar to the smoking abstinence group (67.2-87.4%). The level of decrease was 56.8-70.4% in the dual use group and 10.7-39.0% in the cigarettes group. Urine total nicotine exposure had a non-significant increase in the exclusive ENDS use group, and plasma nicotine and cotinine showed a trend of increasing day by day. After completely or partially switching to ENDS use among Chinese smokers, exposure to selected toxicants were significantly decreased. The results of this study add to the body of evidence that exposure to toxic substance decreased among smokers after complete or partial switch from combustible cigarettes to ENDS use. As part of transition to experienced ENDS use, this study found that smokers of the initial stage who have no prior ENDS experience may increase nicotine intake after switching to ENDS use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
38316693What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.