Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38315890›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024

Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outbreak Associated With Artificial Tears.

Marissa K Grossman, Danielle A Rankin, Meghan Maloney, Richard A Stanton, Paige Gable, Valerie A Stevens, Thomas Ewing, Katharine Saunders, Sarah Kogut, Elizabeth Nazarian and 16 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Antibiotic resistance mechanisms and global resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Mechanisms of thermoregulation inJournal of bacteriology · 2026
    Review
  8. Emergence of outbreak-driving high-riskMicrobial genomics · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for Enhanced Healthcare Outbreak Detection and Control: Clinical and Economic Impact.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The Ability of Bacteriophages to Reduce Biofilms Produced byAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Marissa K GrossmanDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2612-4795
Danielle A RankinDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Meghan MaloneyConnecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Richard A StantonDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Paige GableDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Valerie A StevensDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Thomas EwingDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Katharine SaundersEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sarah KogutNew York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
Elizabeth NazarianNew York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, USA.
Sandeep BhaurlaLos Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jehan MephorsLos Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Joshua MongilloUtah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Susan StonehockerDavis County Health Department, Farmington, Utah, USA.
Jeanette PrignanoConnecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Nickolas ValenciaFlorida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Argentina CharlesFlorida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Kiara McNamaraDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
William A FritschCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Shannon RuelleOffice of Regulatory Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Carrie Ann PlucinskiCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Lynn E SosaConnecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Belinda OstrowskyDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
D Cal HamDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Maroya S WaltersDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Multistate Pseudomonas Outbreak Investigation Group

Funding

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCarbapenemase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-CRPA) are extensively drug-resistant bacteria. We investigated the source of a multistate CP-CRPA outbreak.

methodsCases were defined as a US patient's first isolation of P. aeruginosa sequence type 1203 with carbapenemase gene blaVIM-80 and cephalosporinase gene blaGES-9 from any specimen source collected and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1 January 2022-15 May 2023. We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study at the post-acute care facility with the most cases, assessed exposures associated with case status for all case-patients, and tested products for bacterial contamination.

resultsWe identified 81 case-patients from 18 states, 27 of whom were identified through surveillance cultures. Four (7%) of 54 case-patients with clinical cultures died within 30 days of culture collection, and 4 (22%) of 18 with eye infections underwent enucleation. In the case-control study, case-patients had increased odds of receiving artificial tears versus controls (crude matched OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.1-22.8). Overall, artificial tears use was reported by 61 (87%) of 70 case-patients with information; 43 (77%) of 56 case-patients with brand information reported use of Brand A, an imported, preservative-free, over-the-counter (OTC) product. Bacteria isolated from opened and unopened bottles of Brand A were genetically related to patient isolates. Food and Drug Administration inspection of the manufacturing plant identified likely sources of contamination.

conclusionsA manufactured medical product serving as the vehicle for carbapenemase-producing organisms is unprecedented in the United States. The clinical impacts from this outbreak underscore the need for improved requirements for US OTC product importers.

Indexed as

Bacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasesDisease OutbreaksDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas InfectionsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnti-Bacterial AgentsCarbapenemsCase-Control StudiesCephalosporinaseFemaleHumansMaleAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasescarbapenemaseCarbapenemsCephalosporinaseartificial tearscarbapenem resistancedrug-resistant Pseudomonasmultistate outbreakother-the-counter medications

Identifiers

PMID38315890
PMCPMC11259536

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.