ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2024
Glaucoma Patients Have a Lower Abundance of Butyrate-Producing Taxa in the Gut.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Gut-Retina Connection: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Microbial Metabolites Driving Gut-Eye Axis Signaling.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- An Update and Overview of the Ocular and Extraocular Microbiome and Its Impact on Ophthalmic Care.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Association between probiotic prescriptions and the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with documented dry eye.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Transcending genome-wide association studies to create useful multi-omic views of glaucoma.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- The Gut-Eye Axis and Microbiome in Ophthalmic Diseases: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of Viral Infection and Microbial Dysbiosis in Glaucoma: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- The Ocular and Gut Microbiome Axis in Understanding Glaucoma: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Etiology and clinical analysis of secondary glaucoma: a single-center study from northwest China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The gut-eye axis in blinding eye diseases: microbiota-driven immune dysregulation and immunomodulatory therapies.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Integrative multi-omics identifies coordinated alterations in the gut microbiome and in plasma and aqueous humor metabolomes in high myopic cataract.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early-stage diabetic retinopathy: gut-metabolic triggers, immune-neurodegeneration, and interventions.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Mathematical Modeling and Artificial Intelligence to Explore Connections Between Glaucoma and the Gut Microbiome.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Association between gut microbiota and acute upper respiratory tract infection: a Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Increased Intestinal Inflammation and Permeability in Glaucoma.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Glaucoma is an eye disease that is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It has been suggested that gut microbiota can produce reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines that may travel from the gastric mucosa to distal sites, for example, the optic nerve head or trabecular meshwork. There is evidence for a gut-eye axis, as microbial dysbiosis has been associated with retinal diseases. We investigated the microbial composition in patients with glaucoma and healthy controls. Moreover, we analyzed the association of the gut microbiome with intraocular pressure (IOP; risk factor of glaucoma) and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR; quantifying glaucoma severity). Methods: The discovery analyses included participants of the Rotterdam Study and the Erasmus Glaucoma Cohort. A total of 225 patients with glaucoma and 1247 age- and sex-matched participants without glaucoma were included in our analyses. Stool samples were used to generate 16S rRNA gene profiles. We assessed associations with 233 genera and species. We used data from the TwinsUK and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) to replicate our findings. Results: Several butyrate-producing taxa (e.g. Butyrivibrio, Caproiciproducens, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Coprococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG 007, and Shuttleworthia) were less abundant in people with glaucoma compared to healthy controls. The same taxa were also associated with lower IOP and smaller VCDR. The replication analyses confirmed the findings from the discovery analyses. Conclusions: Large human studies exploring the link between the gut microbiome and glaucoma are lacking. Our results suggest that microbial dysbiosis plays a role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.