ArticlePsychological medicine2023
The relationship between sex and functional outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: the role of premorbid adjustment and insight.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex differences in schizophrenia: symptomatology, treatment efficacy and adverse effects.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Premorbid functioning trajectories and the one-year course of cognitive performance in first-episode psychosis: a cluster analysis in PSYSCAN.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Trends in incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years of schizophrenia in China from 1990 to 2021, with projections for 2022-2050.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex differences in outcomes of first episode psychosis: results from an early intervention service.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of schizophrenia among adolescents and young adults aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Anosognosia in schizophrenia.CNS spectrums · 2024Review
- Associative learning and facial expression recognition in schizophrenic patients: Effects of social presence.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies that examined sex differences in first-episode patients consistently show that males compared to females have poor premorbid adjustment, earlier age of onset, worse clinical characteristics, and poorer outcomes. However, little is known about potential mediators that could explain these sex differences.
methodsOur sample consisted of 137 individuals with first episode schizophrenia (males,
resultsMales as compared to females had poorer premorbid adjustment across several key developmental periods ( DISCUSSION: Males compared to females were at lower levels across several key premorbid and clinical domains which are strongly associated with functional outcome supporting the hypothesis that males might have a more disabling form of schizophrenia. The relationship between sex with role and social functioning was mediated through premorbid adjustment and insight suggesting pathways for understanding why females might have a less disabling form of schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.