Discovering and Validating Cuproptosis-Associated Marker Genes for Accurate Keloid Diagnosis Through Multiple Machine Learning Models.

Background: Keloid is a common condition characterized by abnormal scarring of the skin, affecting a significant number of individuals worldwide. Objective: The occurrence of keloids may be related to the reduction of cell death. Recently, a new cell death mode that relies on copper ions has been discovered. This study aimed to identify novel cuproptosis-related genes that are associated with keloid diagnosis. Methods: We utilized several gene expression datasets, including GSE44270 and GSE145725 as the training group, and GSE7890, GSE92566, and GSE121618 as the testing group. We integrated machine learning models (SVM, RF, GLM, and XGB) to identify 10 cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) for keloid diagnosis in the training group. The diagnostic capability of the identified CRGs was validated using independent datasets, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and IHC analysis. Results: Our study successfully categorized keloid samples into two clusters based on the expression of cuproptosis-related genes. Utilizing WGCNA analysis, we identified 110 candidate genes associated with cuproptosis. Subsequent functional enrichment analysis results revealed that these genes may play a regulatory role in cell growth within keloid tissue through the MAPK pathway. By integrating machine learning models, we identified CRGs that can be used for diagnosing keloid. The diagnostic efficacy of CRGs was confirmed using independent datasets, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and IHC analysis. GSVA analysis indicated that high expression of CRGs influenced the gene set related to ECM receptor interaction. Conclusion: This study identified 10 cuproptosis-related genes that provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying keloid development and may have implications for the development of targeted therapies.