ArticleInternational journal of women's dermatology2024
Limited health insurance coverage of injectable neurotoxins and fillers for gender affirmation: a cross-sectional study of Affordable Care Act silver and Medicaid plans.
Article in International journal of women's dermatology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lip Filler Versus "Lip Flip": Longitudinal Public Interest and a Brief Review of Literature.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Injectable neurotoxins and fillers are potential options for facial gender affirmation for transgender/nonbinary patients. However, the largest barrier to access is cost/insurance coverage. Objective: The purpose of this article is to assess the extent to which Affordable Care Act (ACA) silver plans and Medicaid policies cover gender-affirming injectable neurotoxin and filler procedures. Methods: A cross-sectional study of all ACA silver plans and Medicaid policies was performed from June 22 to August 15, 2021. Plan-specific certificates of coverage, clinical policies of insurance providers, and Medicaid documents were evaluated. Results: A total of 915 plans were reviewed (864 ACA silver plans and all 51 Medicaid policies). None potentially covered neurotoxins. Only 72 (71 ACA and 1 Medicaid) potentially covered fillers, specifically collagen injections and lipofilling. Coverage required demonstration of medical necessity or significant variation of physical appearance from the patient's experienced gender. However, of the 71 ACA plans, 69 outlined cosmetic exclusions, possibly nullifying this coverage. Limitations: Data were sourced from publicly available online information in 2021. Additionally, we were unable to confirm explicit coverage of these procedures with insurance companies. Conclusion: The majority of ACA silver and Medicaid plans did not cover gender-affirming neurotoxin or filler procedures, limiting access to this gender-affirming care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.