Electro-, thermo-, and photocatalysis of versatile nanocomposites toward tandem process.

Tandem reactions involve multi-step processes conducted in one pot, offering a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient approach to chemical transformations with high atom economy. The catalytic systems employed in tandem reactions are crucial for achieving desirable activity, selectivity, and stability. Researchers worldwide have extensively explored catalytic processes driven by various energy fields, such as electrocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and photocatalysis, aiming to facilitate multiple reactions and bond transformations. Continuous advancements have been made in reaction conditions, catalyst design, and preparation methods. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in tandem reactions, specifically focusing on electro-, thermo-, and photocatalysis, and categorizes them into catalysts, reactors, and fields based on their applications. Furthermore, the review highlights the significance of rational design in nanomaterial catalysts and the integration of multiple energy sources, emphasizing their potential to enhance selectivity, performance, and the development of combined catalysis.