Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38311739›Full record

ArticleBMC women's health2024

Body mass index and altered lipid profile as major risk markers for breast cancer progression: a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women in Pakistan.

Lubna Gohar, Bushra Riaz, Muhammad Sohaib Nadeem, Seyyedha Abbas, Tayyaba Afsar, Suhail Razak, Fatima Muccee, Fohad Mabood Husain, Huma Shafique

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC women's health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Lubna GoharArmy Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Bushra RiazDepartment of Physiology, Pakistan International Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Muhammad Sohaib NadeemDepartment of Clinical and Radiation Oncology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Seyyedha AbbasDepartment of Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Tayyaba AfsarDepartment of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Suhail RazakDepartment of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. smarazi@ksu.edu.sa.
Fatima MucceeSchool of biochemistry and Biotechnology (SBB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Fohad Mabood HusainDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Huma ShafiqueInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Upon Tyne, UK.
King Saud University · SACombined Military Hospital · PKNational University of Medical Sciences · PKNewcastle University · GBUniversity of the Punjab · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn Pakistan, the death rate for post-menopausal women with breast cancer is significant due to late detection and delayed referral to proper facilities. There are a few reports on Pakistan's epidemiology and breast cancer risk factors. There are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of breast carcinoma; of which body mass index (BMI), central obesity, and lipid profile are considered as major risk markers.

methodsThis was a cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 384 women constituted the present study sample. Purposive sampling was used to collect 192 confirmed new breast cancer cases throughout the study. By using basic random sampling, an equal number of controls were chosen. Studied parameters included age, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. The inclusion criteria of this study were post-menopausal women (45-65 years) in Pakistan. The confirmation of breast carcinoma was done through histopathology. Breast cancer occurrence was taken as a dependent variable, whereas BMI, central obesity, and lipid profile were taken as independent variables.

resultsStudied risk factors (cholesterol, BMI, and central obesity) significantly correlated with breast cancer. Cholesterol has a significantly high positive correlation (0.646) with breast cancer. BMI has a positive significant correlation (0.491) with breast cancer, and central obesity has a low but positive significant correlation (0.266) with breast cancer. Moreover, the binary logistic regression model also showed a significant association between biochemical factors and breast cancer occurrence. Regression analysis depicted a linear relationship between a dependent variable (breast cancer occurrence) and independent variables (central obesity, cholesterol, BMI).

conclusionPostmenopausal overweight (central obesity), increased BMI and high cholesterol levels are major risk factors for breast cancer. Moreover, high total cholesterol proved to be the most significant risk marker for the occurrence of breast cancer in post-menopausal women of Pakistan.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsBody Mass IndexCholesterolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansObesityObesity, AbdominalPakistanPostmenopauseRisk FactorsTriglyceridesCholesterolTriglyceridesBody mass index (BMI)Breast carcinomaLipid profileObesityPost-menopausal

Identifiers

PMID38311739
PMCPMC10840221
OpenAlexW4391519871

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.