Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38311705›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2024

Examining temporal trends in psychological distress and the co-occurrence of common substance use in a population-based sample of grade 7-12 students from 2013 to 2019.

J Halladay, M Sunderland, C Chapman, R Repchuck, K Georgiades, A Boak, H A Hamilton, T Slade

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Policy implications of the 2020-22 Australian study of mental health and wellbeing.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

J HalladayThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia. jillian.halladay@sydney.edu.au.
M SunderlandThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
C ChapmanThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
R RepchuckOfford Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
K GeorgiadesOfford Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
A BoakThe Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
H A HamiltonThe Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
T SladeThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
University of Sydney · AUMcMaster University · CACentre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCharacterizing trends and correlates of adolescent psychological distress is important due to observed global increases over the last 20 years. Substance use is a commonly discussed correlate, though we lack an understanding about how co-occurrence of these concerns has been changing over time.

methodsData came from repeated, representative, cross-sectional surveys of grade 7-12 students across Ontario, Canada conducted biennially from 2013 to 2019. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to examine changes in the joint association between psychological distress (operationalized as Kessler-6 [K6] scores ≥ 13) and substance use over time. Weighted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 99% confidence intervals were estimated, where p < 0.01 denotes statistical significance.

resultsThe prevalence of psychological distress doubled between 2013 and 2019, with adjusted increases of about 1.2 times each survey year. This biennial increase did not differ based on sex, perceived social standing, school level, or any substance use. Students using substances consistently reported a higher prevalence of psychological distress (between 1.2 times and 2.7 times higher). There were similarly no differential temporal trends based on substance use for very high distress (K6 ≥ 19) or K6 items explored individually.

conclusionPsychological distress steeply increased among adolescents and substance use remains important to assess and address alongside distress. However, the magnitude of temporal increases appears to be similar for adolescents reporting and not reporting substance use.

Indexed as

Psychological DistressStudentsSubstance-Related DisordersAdolescentAdolescent BehaviorCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleOntarioPrevalenceStress, PsychologicalSurveys and QuestionnairesAdolescentsAlcoholBinge drinkingCannabisPsychological distressTobacco smoking

Identifiers

PMID38311705
PMCPMC11291599
OpenAlexW4391537150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.