ArticleBMJ open2024
Association of Long COVID with mental health disorders: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data from the USA.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness of preventive COVID-19 interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of comparative economic evaluation studies based on real-world data.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- The risk of kidney disease increases following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to influenza.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Prospective associations between Long COVID and mental health: evidence from a population-based study with a nearly three-year follow-up.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID Symptoms: A Breath of Fresh Air.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- COVID-19 Infection Changed P300 Latency in Patients With Psychosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- PCE-CfD and Long Covid: An NHS Service Evaluation on the Benefits of Using Person-Centred Experiential Counselling for Depression With People With Long Covid.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Insight into NeuroCOVID: neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker in post-COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunctions.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Mental Health in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Collateral Effects on Common Mental Disorders (CMDs).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating the longitudinal physical and psychological health effects of persistent long Covid 3.5 years after infection.PloS one · 2025Observational
- Course of neuropsychological health in post-COVID patients differs 6 and 12 months after inpatient rehabilitation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Long COVID and its associations with burnout, anxiety, and depression among U. S. healthcare workers in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Adapted Physical Activity Protocol Improves Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Outcomes in Long COVID: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Effects of ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy and long COVID on kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectivesMental health disorders (MHD) rank third for US adult hospitalisations. Given the substantial prevalence of 'Long COVID' in SARS-CoV-2 survivors, this study aims to assess its association with increased MHD risk using extensive real-world data.
designA retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching was conducted. We used the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes to identify individuals with Long COVID status and COVID-19 histories. Multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of Long COVID status with MHD.
settingData were sourced from the TriNetX database, spanning records from 1 October 2021 to 16 April 2023.
participantsTwo distinct cohorts were established: one comprising individuals diagnosed with Long COVID and another comprising individuals with no history of Long COVID or COVID-19. At the start of the study, none of the participants had a recorded MHD. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome of interest was a composite diagnosis of MHD. Secondary outcomes were individual mental health conditions.
resultsThe study included 43 060 control participants without Long COVID and 4306 Long COVID participants, demonstrating well-balanced distribution across all covariates. After adjusting for 4 demographic factors and 10 comorbidities, Long COVID was associated with MHD (adjusted HR, aHR 2.60; 95% CI 2.37 to 2.85). In subgroup analysis, Long COVID was associated with major depression disorder (aHR 3.36; 95% CI 2.82 to 4.00) and generalised anxiety disorder (aHR 3.44; 95% CI 2.99 to 3.96).
conclusionsIn this retrospective large real-world cohort study, Long COVID was associated with an increased risk of incident MHD. The MHD impact is significant considering the vast number of patients with Long COVID. Enhanced MHD screening among COVID-19 survivors should be a priority.
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