ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2024
Agricultural paraquat dichloride use and Parkinson's disease in California's Central Valley.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteric Nervous System Damage by Food Contaminants: A Pathway to Neurodegeneration?Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- Neurodegenerative diseases and environmental risk factors: an overview of the available scientific evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Postnatal Exposure Sensitizes for Zinc/Paraquat-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis, Adulthood Exposure Leads to the Final Effects.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Reimagining the contribution of iron in Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- LIFETIME JEM-DERIVED OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE BURDEN AND ODDS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND PARKINSONISM IN A MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Screening of GO-coated microporous polymeric filters for efficient paraquat removal: effect of support surface on membrane roughness and flux stability.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Re-conceptualizing Parkinson's disease as a lifelong neurobiological trajectory: A framework for prevention.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Duration of agricultural pesticide exposure application and Parkinson's disease in California's central valley.Environmental research, health : ERH · 2026Article
- The Green Parkinson's Belt: agricultural regions associated with increased Parkinson's disease burden in Mexico.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- The pesticide chlorpyrifos increases the risk of Parkinson's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- Dynamic redox monitoring in differentiated human neuroblastoma models of Parkinson's disease.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease: The Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Molecular Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- A PLAN to address the Parkinson pandemic.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Neurotoxicants driving glial aging: role of astrocytic aging in non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- In vivo and in silico models of Drosophila for Parkinson's disease.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Soil to Synapse: Molecular Insights into the Neurotoxicity of Common Gardening Chemicals in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Environmental Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review and Policy Implications.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Review
- Investigating Parkinson's disease risk across farming activities using data mining and large-scale administrative health data.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Article
- LRRK2 Kinase Inhibitor PF-06447475 Protects Drosophila melanogaster against Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Impairment, Life Span Reduction, and Oxidative Stress.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParaquat dichloride is currently among the most widely used commercial herbicides in the USA. In the present study, we provide epidemiological assessment of ambient paraquat exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk in a population-based study of PD in agricultural regions of Central California.
methodsBased on 829 PD patients and 824 community controls, we assessed associations between ambient paraquat dichloride exposure and PD. We estimated residential and workplace proximity to commercial agricultural applications in three California counties since 1974 using the CA pesticide use reporting (PUR) data and land use maps. We evaluated any, duration and average intensity [pounds (0.45 kilograms) per acre per year] of exposure for paraquat in four time windows.
resultsAmbient paraquat exposure assessed at both residence and workplace was associated with PD, based on several different exposure measures. The PD patients both lived and worked near agricultural facilities applying greater amounts of the herbicide than community controls. For workplace proximity to commercial applications since 1974, working near paraquat applications every year in the window [odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46, 3.19] and a higher average intensity of exposure [per 10 pounds (4.54 kilograms), OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.31, 3.38] were both associated with an increased odds of PD. Similar associations were observed for residential proximity (duration: OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.30, 2.83; average intensity: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.99, 3.04). Risk estimates were comparable for men and women, and the strongest odds were observed for those diagnosed at ≤60 years of age.
conclusionThis study provides further indication that paraquat dichloride exposure increases the risk of Parkinson's disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.