ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2024
Utilization of electronic health record sex and gender demographic fields: a metadata and mixed methods analysis.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Understanding determinants of patient-reported outcome measure non-response among transgender and gender diverse individuals: an intersectional multilevel analysis of sociodemographic and structural vulnerabilities.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- Including gender data in electronic health records to improve the care provided to transgender and non-binary patients in Quebec: A queer bioethics analysis.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- When algorithms infer gender: revisiting computational phenotyping with electronic health records data.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Cross-Standard Health Data Harmonization using Semantics of Data Elements.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Understanding enterprise data warehouses to support clinical and translational research: impact, sustainability, demand management, and accessibility.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- What do patients consider sensitive health information? A cross-sectional survey of national patient portal users.Digital healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesDespite federally mandated collection of sex and gender demographics in the electronic health record (EHR), longitudinal assessments are lacking. We assessed sex and gender demographic field utilization using EHR metadata. MATERIALS AND
methodsPatients ≥18 years of age in the Mass General Brigham health system with a first Legal Sex entry (registration requirement) between January 8, 2018 and January 1, 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Metadata for all sex and gender fields (Legal Sex, Sex Assigned at Birth [SAAB], Gender Identity) were quantified by completion rates, user types, and longitudinal change. A nested qualitative study of providers from specialties with high and low field use identified themes related to utilization.
results1 576 120 patients met inclusion criteria: 100% had a Legal Sex, 20% a Gender Identity, and 19% a SAAB; 321 185 patients had field changes other than initial Legal Sex entry. About 2% of patients had a subsequent Legal Sex change, and 25% of those had ≥2 changes; 20% of patients had ≥1 update to Gender Identity and 19% to SAAB. Excluding the first Legal Sex entry, administrators made most changes (67%) across all fields, followed by patients (25%), providers (7.2%), and automated Health Level-7 (HL7) interface messages (0.7%). Provider utilization varied by subspecialty; themes related to systems barriers and personal perceptions were identified. DISCUSSION: Sex and gender demographic fields are primarily used by administrators and raise concern about data accuracy; provider use is heterogenous and lacking. Provider awareness of field availability and variable workflows may impede use.
conclusionEHR metadata highlights areas for improvement of sex and gender field utilization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.