SynthesisBMC public health2024
Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is low-volume high intensity interval training a time-efficient strategy for improving body composition and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents? Evidence from a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Reviewing the association between motor competence and physical activity from a behavioral genetic perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Evaluating the impact of motor quotient physical fitness training on health-related fitness indicators and obesity risk in children aged 7-8 years in Tianjin, China.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Effects of 10 Weeks of Walking With Mobile Step-Tracking Apps on Body Composition, Fitness, and Psychological State in Adolescents Who Are Overweight and Obese: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Article
- Process Evaluation of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Psychosis: Scoping Review With Framework Synthesis.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Acute physiological and perceptual responses in the FIT FIRST FOR ALL school-based physical activity program.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Health-Related Effects of Individual and Paired Functional High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Strength and VOHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Understanding the "how" and "why": A mixed methods process evaluation for the PRO-HIIT intervention.PloS one · 2026Article
- Transdiagnostic App-Based Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Paranoia (Successful Treatment of Paranoia; STOP): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Process Evaluation Embedded in a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Effects of a Daily Mile Program During Recess on Physical Fitness in Adolescents: A Comparative Pilot Study of Weekly Frequency and Gender Differences Among Students in a Region of Spain.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Concurrent Effects of Plyometric Interval Training Implemented in Physical Education Lessons on Adolescent Power and Endurance: An Analysis of Responder Prevalence.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects and moderator of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training among children and adolescents with overweight or obese: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Enhancing adolescent health: the role of strength and endurance school-based HIIT interventions in physical fitness and cognitive development.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength in Adolescents Following High-Intensity Functional Training with Bodyweight Resistance Exercises in Physical Education Lessons.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Was it a HIIT? A process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Article
- Effect of eight-week high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training programme on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors in sedentary adolescents.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention in adolescents: study protocol of theFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral systematic reviews have been published to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools. However, there has been limited attention given to understanding the functioning of the intervention processes, which is of paramount importance for interpreting and translating the intervention effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the extent to which process evaluation is measured in school-based HIIT interventions and to explore the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, muscular strength, and blood pressure.
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in SPORT Discus (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (Ovid) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The extent to which process evaluation is measured was narratively reported, alongside with the guidance of process evaluation of complex interventions by UK Medical Research Council. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to determine the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics to the intervention outcomes.
resultsThe literature search identified 77 studies reporting on 45 school-based HIIT interventions. In total, five interventions reported process evaluation in a section or in a separate study, and only one intervention adopted a process evaluation framework. On average, 6 out of 12 process evaluation measures were reported in all interventions. Subgroup analyses did not indicate any beneficial treatment effects for studies with process evaluation group, whereas all pooled data and studies without process evaluation group showed significant improvement for CRF and body composition.
conclusionProcess evaluation is frequently omitted in the literature of school-based HIIT in children and adolescents. Although reporting of process evaluation measures may not directly associate with better intervention outcomes, it allows accurate interpretation of intervention outcomes, thereby enhancing the generalisability and dissemination of the interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.