ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2024
BCG as an Innovative Option for HCC Treatment: Repurposing and Mechanistic Insights.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artesunate directly targets glucosylceramidase to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and trigger apoptosis.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Trained immunity modulators: A new frontier in immunoregulation and disease intervention.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Roles of FXR in Lipid Biochemistry within Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using MALDI MSI.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026Article
- Microbial medicines: Unlocking the therapeutic potential of the microbiome in cancer treatment.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- miR-22-Galectin-1 as an integral signaling axis in regulating metabolism and immunity in HCC.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- BCG in the fight against cancer: exploring its applications in diverse tumour types and future directions.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Beyond Adaptive Immunity: Trained Innate Immune Responses as a Novel Frontier in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Multi-pathway targeted therapy of MASH-HCC using miR-22.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Recent Advances of Trained immunity in Macrophages.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- The spatial impact of a Western diet in enriching Galectin-1-regulated Rho, ECM, and SASP signaling in a novel MASH-HCC mouse model.Biomarker research · 2024Article
- BCG as an Innovative Option for HCC Treatment: Repurposing and Mechanistic Insights.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Trained immunity inducers in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigates Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a condition often associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. Exploiting BCG's recognized immune-boosting properties, preclinical trials are conducted using HCC mice, with a single subcutaneous dose of BCG administered post-tumor formation. Results indicate that BCG treatment effectively diminishes tumor burden and extends survival in both male and female HCC mice. Positive influences on hepatic fibrosis and metabolism are observed, leading to a reduction in lipid levels. Spatial analysis underscores BCG's tumor-specific effects, inducing the enrichment of metabolic pathways and inhibiting various cancer-related pathways. Furthermore, BCG promotes immune cell infiltration, including CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages, in both v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1(AKT)/neutoblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (RAS) and β-catenin positive HCC models. Interestingly, blocking T cells, trained immunity, and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) function reverses BCG's anti-HCC effects. In conclusion, BCG emerges as a promising treatment option for HCC, characterized by a favorable safety profile and efficacy in inhibiting fibrosis, improving metabolism, and engaging both trained immunity and T cells in therapeutic mechanisms.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.