ArticleScientific reports2024
Effects of mouthwash on periodontal pathogens and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07402694 (Oral Health Outcomes With Amphion Mouthwash as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Oral Health Outcomes With Amphion Mouthwash as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between dental flossing frequency and oral microbiome in U.S. adults.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Association between Oral Streptococcus Mutans Counts and Proteinuria in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study Using Chlorhexidine.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Effects of multiple tongue conditions on the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Effects of Mint Oils on the Human Oral Microbiome: A Pilot Study.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Periodontal pathogens and obesity in the context of cardiovascular risks across age groups.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Periodontitis is known to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gargling with mouthwash is known to reduce the incidence of periodontitis by inhibiting periodontal pathogens. However, the effects of mouthwash on oral and systemic conditions in patients with T2DM remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of gargling with mouthwash on the number of red complex species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, and HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM. Patients were instructed to gargle with water for 6 months, followed by gargling with mouthwash containing chlorhexidine gluconate for the subsequent 6 months. At each clinic visit, saliva was collected and bacterial DNA was extracted to detect red complex species using the polymerase chain reaction technique. The HbA1c level was determined using a blood sample. The number of red complex species significantly decreased in younger or male patients who gargled with mouthwash. Furthermore, HbA1c levels significantly decreased in younger patients or patients with higher HbA1c levels who gargled with mouthwash. These results suggest that gargling with mouthwash reduces the number of red complex species and improves the hyperglycemic status in patients with T2DM, especially younger patients.
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