ArticleNature communications2024
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection during multiple Omicron variant waves in the UK general population.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of niclosamide nanohybrid for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of seasonal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination against post COVID-19 condition between July 2023 and September 2024 among adults aged ≥ 60 years in Germany: a population-based cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Interim Estimated Effectiveness of 2025-2026 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults Using a Test-Negative Design.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization and Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage NB.1.8.1 in Thailand, 2025.Viruses · 2026Article
- From single-sequences to evolutionary trajectories: protein language models capture the evolutionary potential of SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Postpandemic Change in Demographic and Clinical Features of Patients With Omicron Who Were Hospitalized: Territory-Wide Retrospective Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Hong Kong.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Impact of First SARS-CoV-2 Infection Variant on Serological Responses Against Omicron: Findings From the SIREN Study.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Reinfection-Driven Accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A 36-Month Longitudinal Study in Austrian Blood Donors.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody profiles reveal variant specific antibody dynamics and regional differences in infection histories in Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Early COVID-19 and Severity of Subsequent Omicron Infection in Ontario Canada.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- The association between smoking and COVID-19 symptoms, severity, and post-COVID-19 symptoms: a cross-sectional survey study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies for high-risk populations: potential and challenges of combining heterologous boosting with respiratory mucosal delivery.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- AI-Based Quantitative HRCT for In-Hospital Adverse Outcomes and Exploratory Assessment of Reinfection in COVID-19.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development and clinical application of a rapid qPCR instrument featuring three independent temperature modules and a time-based algorithm for respiratory pathogen diagnosis.Virology journal · 2025Article
- The impact of Omicron infection on antibody response and attenuation: a six-month follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection on Long-Term Symptoms in the Innovative Support for Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages shifted antibody-mediated protection curves.iScience · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of clinical characteristics between primary and recurrent COVID-19 infections in China.Infectious medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 16 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased substantially after Omicron variants emerged. Large-scale community-based comparisons across multiple Omicron waves of reinfection characteristics, risk factors, and protection afforded by previous infection and vaccination, are limited. Here we studied ~45,000 reinfections from the UK's national COVID-19 Infection Survey and quantified the risk of reinfection in multiple waves, including those driven by BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, and BQ.1/CH.1.1/XBB.1.5 variants. Reinfections were associated with lower viral load and lower percentages of self-reporting symptoms compared with first infections. Across multiple Omicron waves, estimated protection against reinfection was significantly higher in those previously infected with more recent than earlier variants, even at the same time from previous infection. Estimated protection against Omicron reinfections decreased over time from the most recent infection if this was the previous or penultimate variant (generally within the preceding year). Those 14-180 days after receiving their most recent vaccination had a lower risk of reinfection than those >180 days from their most recent vaccination. Reinfection risk was independently higher in those aged 30-45 years, and with either low or high viral load in their most recent previous infection. Overall, the risk of Omicron reinfection is high, but with lower severity than first infections; both viral evolution and waning immunity are independently associated with reinfection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.