Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38307749›Full record

ReviewJournal of pediatric surgery2024

Let Kids Play: Using Virtual Reality as a Substitute for General Anesthesia for Minor Procedures in Pediatric Population.

Fereshteh Salimi-Jazi, Akanksha Sabapaty, Kyla Santos Dalusag, Claire Abrajano, Jackie Nguyen, Blaine Robinson, Thomas Jon Caruso, Samuel Rodriguez, Gary Hartman, Stephanie D Chao

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of pediatric surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Virtual reality as a transformative tool in pain management.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Fereshteh Salimi-JaziDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Akanksha SabapatyDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kyla Santos DalusagDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Claire AbrajanoDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jackie NguyenDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Blaine RobinsonDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Thomas Jon CarusoDepartment of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Samuel RodriguezDepartment of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Gary HartmanDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stephanie D ChaoDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: sdchao1@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · USStanford Medicine · US

Funding

Institutional Career Development Core (KL2)KL2TR003143 · NCATS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ASCH, STEVEN M. · 2019 to 2023
$8.7M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR003143
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the pediatric population, virtual reality (VR) has been used as an adjunct to augment analgesia and reduce the need for opioids. In this study, we review our experience using VR in lieu of anesthesia or sedation to enable minor procedures in children.

methodsA retrospective chart review study was performed on patients who presented to our institution from 2019 to 2022 for hormone implant placement, exchange, or removal with VR distraction. Demographic and procedure information was recorded. The primary outcome was successful procedure completion without requiring pharmacologic sedation or analgesia.

resultsA total of 111 patients underwent the following minor procedures with VR and without anesthesia or sedation. Fourteen patients had multiple encounters resulting in a total of 126 encounters. The median age was 11 [6] years. 43 patients were female, 23 were female to male, 6 were non-binary, 7 were male, and 32 were male to female. 58 % had private insurance. Most common diagnosis was precocious puberty (54 %) followed by gender dysphoria (46 %). Most common procedure was implant placement (72 %). 69 % of procedures were performed in the clinic and 31 % in the OR. All procedures were completed without requiring the administration of additional sedation or anesthesia. None of the patients required intravenous catheter placement for the procedure. No intra-procedural complications were recorded.

conclusionVR is a feasible option that can spare children from sedation or general anesthesia for minor procedures. VR may enable minor procedures in children to be successfully performed in clinic setting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4:

Indexed as

AnalgesiaVirtual RealityAnesthesia, GeneralChildFemaleHumansMalePain ManagementRetrospective StudiesHormone implant placementMinor proceduresPediatric anesthesiaVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID38307749
PMCPMC11031342
OpenAlexW4390686053

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.