ArticleJournal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA
Naloxone Accessibility by Standing Order in North Carolina Community Pharmacies.
Article in Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- "With a little help from my friends" - collaborating with community experts to improve sampling and obtain a high response rate for a statewide naloxone availability survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Implementation of Medication Disposal Programs and Availability of Same-Day Naloxone at Community Pharmacies: Protocol for a Secret Shopper Caller Approach.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Examining geographic disparities in access to no-cost naloxone in North Carolina: A cross-sectional survey of naloxone distribution programs.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Attitudes toward and experience with naloxone among people who use drugs in the Southeastern United States.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Over-the-counter naloxone availability at North Carolina community pharmacies: A secret shopper study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Naloxone Availability and Cost After Transition to an Over-the-Counter Product.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Implementation Documentation and Process Assessment of the PharmNet Intervention: Observational Report.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Availability and cost of naloxone over time: A longitudinal secret shopper study in North Carolina community pharmacies.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccording to a standing order in North Carolina (NC), naloxone can be purchased without a provider prescription.
objectiveThe objective of this study is to examine whether same-day naloxone accessibility and cost vary by pharmacy type and rurality in NC.
methodsA cross-sectional telephone audit of 202 NC community pharmacies stratified by pharmacy type and county of origin was conducted in March and April 2023. Trained "secret shoppers" enacted a standardized script and recorded whether naloxone was available and its cost. We examined the relationship between out-of-pocket naloxone cost, pharmacy type, and rurality.
resultsNaloxone could be purchased in 53% of the pharmacies contacted; 26% incorrectly noting that naloxone could be filled only with a provider prescription and 21% did not sell naloxone. Naloxone availability by standing order was statistically different by pharmacy type (chain/independent) (χ
conclusionApproximately half of NC community pharmacies audited dispense naloxone according to the statewide standing order, limiting same-day access to this life-saving medication. Costs were higher at independent pharmacies, which could be due to store-level policies. Future studies should further investigate these cost differences, especially as intranasal naloxone transitions from a prescription only to over-the-counter product.
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