ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2024
Herpes Simplex Viral Infection Doubles the Risk of Dementia in a Contemporary Cohort of Older Adults: A Prospective Study.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Herpesviruses, antiviral treatment, and the risk of dementia - systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Cancer and dementia incidence are strongly correlated worldwide: evidence from cross-national regression analyses.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Herpes simplex virus pUL56 abolishes neuronal activity by removing voltage-gated ion channels from the plasma membrane.Science advances · 2026Article
- Association of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 With Dementia Outcomes: Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-World Electronic Health Record Data.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Recent Insights into the Role of Herpesviridae in Alzheimer's Disease: A Structured Narrative Review Based on a Systematic Literature Search.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Polyamines as Gatekeepers of Virus Replication and Central Nervous System Homeostasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cytomegalovirus in HIV: A Modifiable Driver of Inflammation, Frailty, and Aging.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Metformin provides superior neuroprotective potential compared to semaglutide in preventing diabetes-associated Alzheimer's disease via dual actions.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of HSV-1 Infection on Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration Markers: Insights from LUHMES 2D and 3D Neuronal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Structural and mechanistic insights into the herpes simplex virus type 1 helicase-primase primosome.Cell discovery · 2025Article
- Ceramides may Play a Central Role in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: a Review of Evidence and Horizons for Discovery.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer's disease?Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus Neurovirulence Across the Human Lifespan.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Human herpes viruses are associated with steeper age-dependent increases of serum biomarkers for dementia in cognitively unimpaired women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HSV1 glycoprotein D utilizes an LY6-like binding domain to inhibit alpha7 nicotinic receptors.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- HSV-1 virions and related particles: biogenesis and implications in the infection.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Increased risk of dementia associated with herpes simplex virus infections: Evidence from a retrospective cohort study using U.S. electronic health records.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis-From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Alzheimer's disease and antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious diseases agents: a mendelian randomization study.Hereditas · 2025Article
- Underestimated virus impaired cognition-more evidence and more work to do.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Evidence indicates that herpes simplex virus (HSV) participates in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: We investigated AD and dementia risks according to the presence of herpesvirus antibodies in relation to anti-herpesvirus treatment and potential APOE ɛ4 carriership interaction. Methods: This study was conducted with 1002 dementia-free 70-year-olds living in Sweden in 2001-2005 who were followed for 15 years. Serum samples were analyzed to detect anti-HSV and anti-HSV-1 immunoglobulin (Ig) G, anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG, anti-HSV IgM, and anti-HSV and anti-CMV IgG levels. Diagnoses and drug prescriptions were collected from medical records. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were applied. Results: Cumulative AD and all-cause dementia incidences were 4% and 7%, respectively. Eighty-two percent of participants were anti-HSV IgG carriers, of whom 6% received anti-herpesvirus treatment. Anti-HSV IgG was associated with a more than doubled dementia risk (fully adjusted hazard ratio = 2.26, p = 0.031). No significant association was found with AD, but the hazard ratio was of the same magnitude as for dementia. Anti-HSV IgM and anti-CMV IgG prevalence, anti-herpesvirus treatment, and anti-HSV and -CMV IgG levels were not associated with AD or dementia, nor were interactions between anti-HSV IgG and APOE ɛ4 or anti-CMV IgG. Similar results were obtained for HSV-1. Conclusions: HSV (but not CMV) infection may be indicative of doubled dementia risk. The low AD incidence in this cohort may have impaired the statistical power to detect associations with AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.