ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2023
Increasing striatal dopamine release through repeated bouts of theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A 18F-desmethoxyfallypride positron emission tomography study.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of intermittent theta-burst stimulation for substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effects of 10-Hz rTMS and iTBS on cortico-striatal connectivity in major depressive disorder: a sham-controlled study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Review
- The applications of TMS in brain function assessment and treatment of mental disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Clinical development and guiding theory of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a literature review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Advances in transcranial magnetic stimulation for psychological symptom management in Parkinson's disease.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- The effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on resting-state brain entropy (BEN).Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can modulate fronto-striatal connectivity in the human brain. Here Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and neuro-navigated TMS were combined to investigate the dynamics of the fronto-striatal connectivity in the human brain. Employing 18F-DesmethoxyFallypride (DMFP) - a Dopamine receptor-antagonist - the release of endogenous dopamine in the striatum in response to time-spaced repeated bouts of excitatory, intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the Left-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (L-DLPFC) was measured. Methods: 23 healthy participants underwent two PET sessions, each one with four blocks of iTBS separated by 30 minutes: sham (control) and verum (90% of individual resting motor threshold). Receptor Binding Ratios were collected for sham and verum sessions across 37 time frames (about 130 minutes) in striatal sub-regions (Caudate nucleus and Putamen). Results: Verum iTBS increased the dopamine release in striatal sub-regions, relative to sham iTBS. Dopamine levels in the verum session increased progressively across the time frames until frame number 28 (approximately 85 minutes after the start of the session and after three iTBS bouts) and then essentially remained unchanged until the end of the session. Conclusion: Results suggest that the short-timed iTBS protocol performed in time-spaced blocks can effectively induce a dynamic dose dependent increase in dopaminergic fronto-striatal connectivity. This scheme could provide an alternative to unpleasant and distressing, long stimulation protocols in experimental and therapeutic settings. Specifically, it was demonstrated that three repeated bouts of iTBS, spaced by short intervals, achieve larger effects than one single stimulation. This finding has implications for the planning of therapeutic interventions, for example, treatment of major depression.
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Registered trials
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