ArticleNutrition journal2024
Relationship between trajectories of dietary iron intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from a prospective cohort study.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prediabetes Subtypes with Divergent Iron Metabolism Profiles: A Cluster Analysis from Two Cohorts in the United States and China.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin A1C: Intracellular Heterogeneity and Functional Implications in Prediabetic and T2 Diabetic Erythrocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Relationship between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults with prediabetes: evidence from a prospective cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Associations between serum ferritin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus among a non-anemic population.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The impact of long-term trends in continuity of care on the medical expenses of hypertensive patients: based on group-based trajectory model.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association between dietary iron intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between trajectories of dietary iron intake and risk of T2DM.
methodsThis study comprised a total of 61,115 participants without a prior T2DM from the UK Biobank database. We used the group-based trajectory model (GBTM) to identify different dietary iron intake trajectories. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationship between trajectories of dietary iron intake and risk of T2DM.
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, a total of 677 T2DM events were observed. Four trajectory groups of dietary iron intake were characterized by the GBTM: trajectory group 1 (with a mean dietary iron intake of 10.9 mg/day), 2 (12.3 mg/day), 3 (14.1 mg/day) and 4 (17.6 mg/day). Trajectory group 3 was significantly associated with a 38% decreased risk of T2DM when compared with trajectory group 1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49-0.79), while group 4 was significantly related with a 30% risk reduction (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.91). Significant effect modifications by obesity (p = 0.04) and history of cardiovascular disease (p < 0.01) were found to the relationship between trajectories of dietary iron intake and the risk of T2DM.
conclusionsWe found that trajectories of dietary iron intake were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM, where the lowest T2DM risk was observed in trajectory group 3 with a mean iron intake of 14.1 mg/day. These findings may highlight the importance of adequate dietary iron intake to the T2DM prevention from a public health perspective. Further studies to assess the relationship between dietary iron intake and risk of T2DM are needed, as well as intervention studies to mitigate the risks of T2DM associated with dietary iron changes.
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