ArticleScientific reports2024
Amlexanox attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells via inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
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- TANK-binding kinase 1 protects against MASH progression via mitochondrial quality control.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Research progress on multispecies animal models of chronic rhinosinusitis: modeling strategies and research applications.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- The potential role of aberrant microglial synaptic pruning in the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of tourette syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- HMC3 revealed: how much do these "Microglia" really tell us?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Repurposing amlexanox as a topical anti-inflammatory and antioxidant intervention for diabetic foot ulcers: insights from in-silico and in-vivo studies.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of Cervus cucumis polypeptide injection in Alzheimer's disease: insights from network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolic regulation of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Potential Cardioprotective Effect of a GRK5 Inhibitor Against NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation in an Animal Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Tank-Binding Kinase 1 protects against MASH progression via mitochondrial quality control.Research square · 2025Article
- LMT2368 (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea) Negatively Regulates Inflammation by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Development of translational read-through-inducing drugs as novel therapeutic options for patients with Fanconi anemia.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Bridges: Interconnections Between Alzheimer's Disease and Bone Health.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Amlexanox Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury by Restoring Autophagy-Lysosomal Function via cAMP Signaling Modulation.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Interleukin-6 deficiency reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the STAT3-cGAS-STING pathway in Alzheimer's disease mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Neobavaisoflavone Ameliorates Memory Deficits and Brain Damage in AβCNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Amlexanox is an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent used clinically for the treatment of aphthous ulcers, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that amlexanox, a selective inhibitor of IkB kinase epsilon (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), suppresses a range of diseases or inflammatory conditions, such as obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of amlexanox on neuroinflammatory responses to amlexanox have not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, we investigated the novel therapeutic effect of amlexanox on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in vivo, and intraperitoneal injection of amlexanox markedly reduced LPS-induced IKKε levels, proinflammatory cytokines, and microglial activation, as evidenced by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunostaining. Furthermore, amlexanox significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in LPS-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), murine BV2, and human HMC3 microglial cells. This data provided considerable evidence that amlexanox can be used as a preventive and curative therapy for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In terms of mechanism aspects, our results demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory action of amlexanox in BV2 microglial cells was through the downregulation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition, the combination of amlexanox and SPI (a STAT3 selective inhibitor) showed high efficiency in inhibiting the production of neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory mediators. Overall, our data provide rational insights into the mechanisms of amlexanox as a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.