Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38302592›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2024

Pre-labor and post-labor cesarean delivery and early childhood adiposity in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study.

Sarah L Bridgman, Suzanne Penfold, Catherine J Field, Andrea M Haqq, Piushkumar J Mandhane, Theo J Moraes, Stuart E Turvey, Elinor Simons, Padmaja Subbarao, Anita L Kozyrskyj

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Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Sarah L BridgmanDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Sarah.bridgman@ualberta.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-2214-8431
Suzanne PenfoldLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1561-3531
Catherine J FieldDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Andrea M HaqqDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Piushkumar J MandhaneDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Theo J MoraesDepartment of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Stuart E TurveyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Elinor SimonsManitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Padmaja SubbaraoDepartment of Pediatrics and Physiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0394-1933
Anita L KozyrskyjDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2869-9242
University of Alberta · CAUniversity of London · GBUniversity of Toronto · CAChildren's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba · CAUniversity of British Columbia · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesDelivery by cesarean section (CS) compared to vaginal delivery has been associated with increased risk of overweight in childhood. Our study examined if the presence or absence of labor events in CS delivery altered risk of overweight in early childhood (1-5 years) compared to vaginal delivery and if this association differed according to infant sex. SUBJECTS/

methodsThe study included 3073 mother-infant pairs from the CHILD Cohort Study in Canada. Data from birth records were used to categorize infants as having been vaginally delivered, or delivered by CS, with or without labor events. Age and sex adjusted weight-for-length (WFL) and body mass index (BMI) z scores were calculated from height and weight data from clinic visits at 1, 3 and 5 years and used to classify children as overweight. Associations between delivery mode and child overweight at each timepoint were assessed using regression models, adjusting for relevant confounding factors including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Effect modification by infant sex was tested.

resultsOne in four infants (24.6%) were born by CS delivery; 13.0% involved labor events and 11.6% did not. Infants born by CS without labor had an increased odds of being overweight at age 1 year compared to vaginally delivered infants after adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal diabetes, smoking, infant sex and birthweight-for-gestational age (aOR 1.68 [95% CI 1.05-2.67]). These effects did not persist to 3 or 5 years of age and, after stratification by sex, were only seen in boys (aOR at 1 year 2.21 [95% CI 1.26-3.88]). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our findings add to the body of evidence that CS, in particular CS without labor events, may be a risk factor for overweight in early life, and that this association may be sex-specific. These findings could help to identify children at higher risk for developing obesity.

Indexed as

Cesarean SectionPediatric ObesityAdiposityAdultBody Mass IndexCanadaChild, PreschoolDelivery, ObstetricFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLongitudinal StudiesMalePregnancyRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID38302592
OpenAlexW4391446363

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.