ArticleCell2024
PNMA2 forms immunogenic non-enveloped virus-like capsids associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome.
Article in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Reconciling the neurogenic hypothesis of depression with recent advances in adult hippocampal neurogenesis research in humans.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Advances in vehicles for in situ delivery: From classical vectors to biologically inspired structures.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- RNA-binding proteins: a comprehensive review of multifaceted regulatory mechanisms in neuroinflammation and implications in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Review
- Capsid flexibility during Ty1 virus-like particle assembly.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mix-and-match between transposable elements and zinc finger proteins fuels genic and regulatory innovation.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2025Review
- Pseudouridine selects RNAs for extracellular transport.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of transposable elements and their roles in development and disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Endogenous retrovirus-like proteins recruit UBQLN2 to stress granules and shape their functional biology.Science advances · 2025Article
- Enhancer adoption by an LTR retrotransposon generates viral-like particles, causing developmental limb phenotypes.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Birth of protein-coding exons by ancient domestication of LINE-1 retrotransposon.Genome research · 2025Article
- Ancient viruses sustain mammalian reproduction.Nature aging · 2025Article
- The retrotransposon-derived capsid genes PNMA1 and PNMA4 maintain reproductive capacity.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Novel Meningoencephalomyelitis Associated With Vimentin IgG Autoantibodies.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Capsid transfer of the retrotransposon Copia controls structural synaptic plasticity in Drosophila.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Neural development goes retro: Gags as essential modulators of synapse formation.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- The structural and functional analysis of mycobacteria cysteine desulfurase-loaded encapsulin.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Human-derived monoclonal autoantibodies as interrogators of cellular proteotypes in the brain.Trends in neurosciences · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The paraneoplastic Ma antigen (PNMA) proteins are associated with cancer-induced paraneoplastic syndromes that present with an autoimmune response and neurological symptoms. Why PNMA proteins are associated with this severe autoimmune disease is unclear. PNMA genes are predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and are ectopically expressed in some tumors. We show that PNMA2, which has been co-opted from a Ty3 retrotransposon, encodes a protein that is released from cells as non-enveloped virus-like capsids. Recombinant PNMA2 capsids injected into mice induce autoantibodies that preferentially bind external "spike" PNMA2 capsid epitopes, whereas a capsid-assembly-defective PNMA2 protein is not immunogenic. PNMA2 autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with anti-Ma2 paraneoplastic disease show similar preferential binding to spike capsid epitopes. PNMA2 capsid-injected mice develop learning and memory deficits. These observations suggest that PNMA2 capsids act as an extracellular antigen, capable of generating an autoimmune response that results in neurological deficits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.