ArticlePalliative medicine2024
Revised European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) recommended framework on palliative sedation: An international Delphi study.
Article in Palliative medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Family members' experiences of palliative sedation -a systematic integrative review.BMC palliative care · 2026Pooled it
- The experience of nurses when providing care across acts that may be perceived as death hastening: A qualitative evidence synthesis.Palliative medicine · 2025Pooled it
- End-of-life care for people with severe and persistent mental illness and a life-limiting disease: An umbrella review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Decision-making in paediatric palliative sedation: A vignette survey across five European countries.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical decision support for potentially sedating drugs in palliative care: a mixed-methods pilot study.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- End-of-life sedation and gendered narrative registers: a longitudinal qualitative study of spouses bereaved by cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Availability and Access to Palliative Sedation Medications in Ecuador: A National Survey of Palliative Care Physicians.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Beyond the binary: a nationwide study of physician decision orientations toward artificial hydration in terminal cancer care.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Is Unconsciousness the Intention? Physicians' Perspectives on Palliative Sedation Outside Specialized Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2026Article
- Article
- Midazolam prescription as a trigger for potential deceased donor identification outside the ICU: a prospective feasibility study.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- A complex intervention to support the use of sedative drugs in specialist palliative care: results from the iSedPall pilot study.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Demographic and clinical characteristics, practices, and outcomes of continuous palliative sedation: A multi-setting, province-wide retrospective cohort study.Palliative medicine · 2026Article
- Bridging theory-practice gaps in sedation for existential suffering: Clinical implications.Palliative & supportive care · 2026Article
- The decision-making process for sedation in specialist palliative care: a qualitative interview study with team members, relatives, and patients.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Co-creation of an educational mobile health application prototype on oral cancer using modified delphi technique.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Continuous sedation in adolescent and young adult cancer patients under home-based end-of-life care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Reframing sedation for existential suffering: A case for integrating rapid-relief strategies.Palliative & supportive care · 2026Article
- Participatory development of patient-targeted guideline material in palliative care: A qualitative evaluation.Palliative care and social practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) acknowledges palliative sedation as an important, broadly accepted intervention for patients with life-limiting disease experiencing refractory symptoms. The EAPC therefore developed 2009 a framework on palliative sedation. A revision was needed due to new evidence from literature, ongoing debate and criticism of methodology, terminology and applicability.
aimTo provide evidence- and consensus-based guidance on palliative sedation for healthcare professionals involved in end-of-life care, for medical associations and health policy decision-makers.
designRevision between June 2020 and September 2022 of the 2009 framework using a literature update and a Delphi procedure.
settingEuropean.
participantsInternational experts on palliative sedation (identified through literature search and nomination by national palliative care associations) and a European patient organisation.
resultsA framework with 42 statements for which high or very high level of consensus was reached. Terminology is defined more precisely with the terms
conclusionsThis is the first framework on palliative sedation using a strict consensus methodology. It should serve as comprehensive and soundly developed information for healthcare professionals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.